ASTM B890-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method allows the determination of the chemical composition of powdered and sintered tungsten-based hardmetals. This test method is not applicable to material which will not oxidize readily at high temperatures in air, such as tungsten/copper or tungsten/silver alloys.
This test method specified lithium-borate compounds for the glass fusion material. However, numerous other choices are available. These include other lithium-borate compounds, sodium carbonate and borate mixtures, and others. The methodology specified here is still applicable as long as the same fusion mixture is used for both standards and specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the concentration, generally reported as mass percent, of the metallic constituents of tungsten-based alloys and hardmetals utilizing wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). This test method incorporates the preparation of standards using reagent grade metallic oxides, lithium-borate compounds, and fusion techniques. This test method details techniques for preparing representative specimens of both powder and sintered tungsten-based material. This test method is accurate for a wide range of compositions, and can be used for acceptance of material to grade specifications.
1.2 This test method is applicable to mixtures of tungsten or tungsten carbide with additions of refractory metal carbides and binder metals. Table 1 lists the most common elemental constituents and their concentration range. Note that many of these occur as metallic carbides.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: B890 − 07
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys
and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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1. Scope 2.2 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 67th ed
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determi-
nationoftheconcentration,generallyreportedasmasspercent,
3. Terminology
of the metallic constituents of tungsten-based alloys and
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
hardmetals utilizing wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence
Terminology E135.
spectrometry (XRF). This test method incorporates the prepa-
ration of standards using reagent grade metallic oxides,
4. Summary of Test Method
lithium-borate compounds, and fusion techniques. This test
4.1 A suite of standards which closely match the chemical
method details techniques for preparing representative speci-
mens of both powder and sintered tungsten-based material. content of the material to be analyzed are prepared using
reagent grade metallic oxides. Test samples are oxidized in a
This test method is accurate for a wide range of compositions,
and can be used for acceptance of material to grade specifica- high-temperature furnace open to air. Fused glass specimens
are prepared for these standards and for the test samples to be
tions.
analyzed. These specimens of oxidized tungsten or tungsten
1.2 This test method is applicable to mixtures of tungsten or
carbide alloys are irradiated with an energetic primary X-ray
tungsten carbide with additions of refractory metal carbides
beam. The intensity of the resultant secondary X-rays, charac-
and binder metals. Table 1 lists the most common elemental
teristicinenergy,foreachelementalconstituentismeasuredby
constituents and their concentration range. Note that many of
means of a suitable detector or combination of detectors after
these occur as metallic carbides.
diffraction by a Bragg spectrometer. The concentration of each
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
constituent element is calculated by comparison with standard
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
samples which closely match the chemical content of the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
analyzed material.The calculation may be manual, incorporate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
a calibration curve, or be performed by a computer program
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which incorporates correction routines for X-ray absorption
and enhancement effects (see Guide E1361).
2. Referenced Documents
2
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
5.1 This test method allows the determination of the chemi-
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
cal composition of powdered and sintered tungsten-based
E1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in
hardmetals. This test method is not applicable to material
X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
which will not oxidize readily at high temperatures in air, such
as tungsten/copper or tungsten/silver alloys.
5.2 This test method specified lithium-borate compounds
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
for the glass fusion material. However, numerous other choices
Powders and Metal Powder Productsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
are available. These include other lithium-borate compounds,
tee B09.06 on Cemented Carbides.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007. Published April 2007. Originally sodium carbonate and borate mixtures, and others. The meth-
approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as B890 – 02. DOI:
odology specified here is still applicable as long as the same
10.1520/B0890-07.
fusion mixture is used for both standards and specimens.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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the ASTM website. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1987.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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B890 − 07
TABLE 1 Elemental Constituents and Concentration Range
7.14 High-Temperature marking pen
Element Concentration, Mass %
7.15 Ceramic Mortar and Pestle
(minimum - maximum)
7.16 Tun
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