ASTM B890-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Standard Test Method for Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determination of the concentration, generally reported as mass percent, of the metallic constituents of tungsten-based alloys and hardmetals utilizing wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). This test method incorporates the preparation of standards using reagent grade metallic oxides, lithium-borate compounds, and fusion techniques. This test method details techniques for preparing representative specimens of both powder and sintered tungsten-based material. This test method is accurate for a wide range of compositions, and can be used for acceptance of material to grade specifications.
1.2 This test method is applicable to mixtures of tungsten or tungsten carbide with additions of refractory metal carbides and binder metals. lists the most common elemental constituents and their concentration range. Note that many of these occur as metallic carbides.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:B890–02
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Metallic Constituents of Tungsten Alloys
and Tungsten Hardmetals by X-Ray Fluorescence
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Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 890; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
TABLE 1 Elemental Constituents and Concentration Range
1. Scope
Element Concentration, Mass %
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the determi-
(minimum - maximum)
nationoftheconcentration,generallyreportedasmasspercent,
Chromium (Cr) 0.05 - 5.0
of the metallic constituents of tungsten-based alloys and
Cobalt (Co) 0.05 - 40
hardmetals utilizing wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence
Hafnium (Hf) 0.05 - 2.0
Iron (Fe) 0.05 - 2.0
spectrometry (XRF). This test method incorporates the prepa-
Molybdenum (Mo) 0.05 - 5.0
ration of standards using reagent grade metallic oxides,
Nickel (Ni) 0.05 - 30
lithium-borate compounds, and fusion techniques. This test
Niobium (Nb) 0.05 - 15
Tantalum (Ta) 0.05 - 30
method details techniques for preparing representative speci-
Titanium (Ti) 0.05 - 30
mens of both powder and sintered tungsten-based material.
Vanadium (V) 0.05 - 2.0
This test method is accurate for a wide range of compositions,
and can be used for acceptance of material to grade specifica-
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tallic elements by X-ray fluorescence - Fusion method
tions.
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1.2 This test method is applicable to mixtures of tungsten or 2.3 Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 67th ed
tungsten carbide with additions of refractory metal carbides
and binder metals. Table 1 lists the most common elemental
3. Terminology
constituents and their concentration range. Note that many of
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to
these occur as metallic carbides.
Terminology E 135.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 A suite of standards which closely match the chemical
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
content of the material to be analyzed are prepared using
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reagent grade metallic oxides. Test samples are oxidized in a
2. Referenced Documents
high-temperature furnace open to air. Fused glass specimens
are prepared for these standards and for the test samples to be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
analyzed. These specimens of oxidized tungsten or tungsten
E 135 Terminology Relating to Analytical Chemistry for
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carbide alloys are irradiated with an energetic primary X-ray
Metals, Ores, and Related Materials
beam. The intensity of the resultant secondary X-rays, charac-
E 1361 Guide for Correction of Interelement Effects in
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teristicinenergy,foreachelementalconstituentismeasuredby
X-Ray Spectrometric Analysis
means of a suitable detector or combination of detectors after
2.2 ISO Standard:
diffraction by a Bragg spectrometer. The concentration of each
ISO-4503(E) Hardmetal—Determination of contents of me-
constituent element is calculated by comparison with standard
samples which closely match the chemical content of the
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analyzed material.The calculation may be manual, incorporate
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
a calibration curve, or be performed by a computer program
mittee B09.06 on Cemented Carbides.
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published November 2002. Originally
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published as B 890 – 98. Last previous edition B 890 – 98.
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd St., 13th
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Floor, New York, NY 10036.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1987.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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B890–02
which incorporates correction routines for X-ray absorption 8. Reagents and Materials
and enhancement effects (see Guide E 1361).
8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
5. Significance and Use
all reagents conform to the specification of the Committee on
5.1 This test method allows the determination of the chemi- Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
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cal composition of powdered and sintered tungsten-based such specifications are available. Other grades
...
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