ASTM E2652-09
(Terminology)Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750°C
Standard Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shaped Airflow Stabilizer, at 750<span class='unicode'>°</span>C
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
While actual building fire exposure conditions are not duplicated, this test method will assist in indicating those materials which do not act to aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire.
This test method does not apply to laminated or coated materials.
This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determination under specified laboratory conditions of combustion characteristics of building materials. It does not apply to laminated or coated materials.
1.2 This test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.3 Limitations of the test method are discussed in 1.1 and Annex A1.
1.4 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: E 2652 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Behavior of Materials in a Tube Furnace with a Cone-shaped
Airflow Stabilizer, at 750°C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 1182 Reaction to Fire Tests for Building Products –
1.1 This fire-test-response test method covers the determi-
Non-combustibility Test
nation under specified laboratory conditions of combustion
ISO 13943 Fire Safety — Vocabulary
characteristics of building materials. It does not apply to
ISO 5725-2:1994 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of
laminated or coated materials.
MeasuredMethodsandResults–Part2:BasicMethodfor
1.2 This test method references notes and footnotes that
the Determination of Repeatability and Reproducibility of
provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes,
a Standard Measurement Method
excludingthoseintablesandfigures,shallnotbeconsideredas
2.3 Other Standards:
requirements of this test method.
IMO Fire Test Procedures Code
1.3 Limitations of the test method are discussed in 1.1 and
Annex A1.
3. Terminology
1.4 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms found in this test
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
method, refer to Terminology E 176 and ISO 13943. In case of
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E 176 shall
only.
prevail.
1.6 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
3.2.1 homogeneous product, n—a product with nominally
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
uniform density and composition.
incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk
3.2.2 non-homogeneous product, n—a product that does not
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
satisfy the requirements of a homogeneous product.
actual fire conditions.
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Non-homogeneous products are often
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
composed of more than one component.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.3 substantial component, n—a material that constitutes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a significant part of a non-homogeneous product that consists
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of more than one component.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.3.1 Discussion—A layer with a weight/unit area larger
2 2
2. Referenced Documents than 1.0 kg/m (0.2 lb/ft ) or a thickness larger than 1 mm (0.04
in.) is often considered to be a substantial component. A layer
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 2
with a weight per unit area smaller than 1.0 kg/m (0.2 lb/ft )
E 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical
and a thickness less than 1 mm (0.04 in.) is not considered to
Tube Furnace at 750°C
be a substantial component.
E 176 Terminology of Fire Standards
3.2.4 sustained flaming (for testing at 750°C), n—sustained
flaming for testing at 750°C (1382°F) is the persistence of a
flameonoroveranypartofthevisiblepartofthetestspecimen
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.23 on Combustibil-
lasting5sor longer.
ity.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August 2009.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Maritime Origanization, 55 Victoria St., London,
the ASTM website.
SWIH0EU, United Kingdom, http://www.imo.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E2652–09
TABLE 1 Furnace Tube Refractory Material for Apparatus
6.2.4.1 Theannularspaceshallbefittedwithtopandbottom
Composition plates, recessed internally to locate the ends of the furnace
Material
% (kg/kg mass)
tube.
Alumina (Al O ) >89
2 3 6.2.4.2 The annular space shall be insulated with a 25 mm
Silica and alumina (SiO ,Al O ) >98
2 2 3
(1 in.) mm layer of an insulating material having a thermal
Ferric oxide (Fe O) <0,45
conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019
Titanium dioxide (TiO ) <0,25
Manganese oxide (Mn O ) <0,1
3 4
BTU in./(s ft °F)) at a mean temperature of 20°C (68°F).
Other trace oxides (sodium, potassium, The balance
Magnesium oxide powder of a nominal bulk density of 170 6
calcium and magnesium oxides)
3 3
30 kg/m (10.6 6 1.9 lb/ft ) is a suitable material for this use.
6.2.5 The furnace tube shall be provided with a single
4. Summary of Test Method
winding of 80/20 nickel/chromium electrical resistance tape,
3mm 6 0.1 mm (0.12 6 4/1000 in.) wide and 0.2 6 0.01 mm
4.1 This test method uses a furnace to expose homogeneous
(8/1000 6 0.4/1000 in.) thick.
products or substantial components of non homogeneous
products for at least 30 min to a temperature of 750°C 6.2.5.1 Wind the electrical resistance tape as specified in
(1382ºF). Fig. 2.
4.2 The furnace consists of an enclosed refractory tube 6.2.5.2 Cut grooves into the furnace tube so as to allow
surrounded by a heating coil with a cone-shaped airflow
accurate winding of the electrical tape.
stabilizer.
6.2.6 An open-ended cone-shaped air-flow stabilizer shall
4.3 Thermocouples are used to assess the temperature in-
be attached to the underside of the furnace.
creases resulting from combustion of the product.
6.2.6.1 The air-flow stabilizer shall be 500 mm (19.7 in.)
4.4 Weight loss and flaming combustion of the product is
long and shall be reduced uniformly from an internal diameter
also assessed.
of 75 6 1mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) at the top to an internal diameter
of 10.0 6 0.5 mm (0.4 6 0.4 in.) at the bottom.
5. Significance and Use
6.2.6.2 The air flow stabilizer shall be manufactured from
5.1 While actual building fire exposure conditions are not
1 mm thick sheet steel, with a smooth finish on the inside. The
duplicated, this test method will assist in indicating those
joint between the air flow stabilizer and the furnace shall have
materials which do not act to aid combustion or add appre-
an airtight fit, with an internal smooth finish.
ciable heat to an ambient fire.
6.2.6.3 The upper half of the air flow stabilizer shall be
5.2 This test method does not apply to laminated or coated
insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.) layer of an insulating material
materials.
having a thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)
5.3 This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 1182.
(0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft °F)) at a mean temperature
of 20°C (68°F). Mineral fiber insulating material with a
6. Test Apparatus
nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K)
6.1 General:
(0.00077 60.00019BTUin./(sft °F)atameantemperatureof
6.1.1 Theapparatusshallconsistofarefractorytubefurnace
20°C (68°F) is a suitable material for this use.
insulated and surrounded by a heating coil. A cone-shaped
6.2.7 Adraft shield, constructed of the same material as the
airflow stabilizer shall be attached to the base of the furnace
air flow stabilizer, shall be provided at the top of the furnace.
and a draft shield to its top. Details are shown in Fig. 1.
It shall be 50 mm (2 in.) high and have an internal diameter of
6.1.2 Thermocouples shall be provided for measuring the
75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.)
furnace temperature and the furnace wall temperature. Op-
6.2.7.1 The draft shield and its joint with the top of the
tional additional thermocouples shall be used if the specimen
furnace shall have smooth internal finish.
surface temperature and the specimen center temperature are
6.2.7.2 The exterior shall be insulated with a 25 mm (1 in.)
required.
layer of an insulating material having a thermal conductivity of
6.1.3 Athermal sensor shall be used to measure the furnace
0.04 6 0.01 W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft °F))
temperature along its central axis.
at a mean temperature of 20°C (68°F). Mineral fiber insulating
6.1.4 Unless stated otherwise, all dimensions shall have a
material with a nominal thermal conductivity of 0.04 6 0.01
5 % tolerance.
W/(m K) (0.00077 6 0.00019 BTU in./(s ft °F) at a mean
6.2 Test Furnace:
temperature of 20°C (68°F) is a suitable material for this use.
6.2.1 The test furnace shall consist primarily of the follow-
6.2.8 The assembly, consisting of the furnace, air flow
ing.
stabilizer cone and draft shield, shall be mounted on a firm
6.2.2 The furnace tube shall be constructed of a refractory
horizontal stand, with a base and draft screen attached to the
material, as specified in Table 1, of density 2800 6 300
3 3
stand, to reduce drafts around the bottom of the stabilizer cone.
kg/m (175 6 19 lb/ft ).
The draft screen shall be 550 mm (21.7 in.) high and the
6.2.3 Thefurnaceshallbe150 61mm(5.9 60.04in.)high
bottom of the air flow stabilizer cone shall be located 250 mm
with an internal diameter of 75 6 1 mm (2.9 6 0.04 in.) and
(9.8 in.) above the base plate.
a wall thickness of 10 6 1 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.).
6.3 Test Specimen Holder and Insertion Device:
6.2.4 The furnace tube shall be surrounded by an annular
space of the following dimensions: 150 mm (5.9 6 0.04 in.) 6.3.1 The test specimen holder shall be made of nickel/
high and of 10 mm (0.4 6 0.04 in.) wall thickness. chromium or of an alternate heat-resisting steel wire. A fine
E2652–09
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus
Key to numbers in Fig. 1
1 Stand 7 Heat resisting steel rod for insertion device 13 External insulating wall
2 Insulation 8 Stop 14 Mineral fiber cement
3 Magnesium oxide powder 9 Specimen thermocouples (optional) 15 Seal
4 Furnace tube 10 Stainless steel tube 16 Stabilizer cone
5 Heating coils 11 Specimen holder 17 Draft screen (metal sheet)
6 Draft shield 12 Furnace thermocouple
metal gauze tray of heat-resisting steel shall be placed in the outer dimensions of the test specimen. It shall be made of fine
bottom of the holder. The weight of the holder shall be 15 6 2 metal wire gauze, constructed of heat resisting steel similar to
g (0.53 6 0.07 oz).
the wire gauze used at the bottom of the test specimen holder
6.3.2 The test specimen holder shall be capable of being
specified in 6.3.1. The specimen holder shall have an open end
suspended from the lower end of a stainless steel tube with a 6
at the top.The weight of the holder shall not exceed 30 g (1.06
mm ( ⁄4 in.) outside diameter anda4mm (0.15 in.) bore, as
oz).
shown in Fig. 3.
6.4 Thermocouples:
6.3.3 The test specimen holder shall be provided with a
6.4.1 Thermocouples shall have a wire diameter of 0.3 mm
suitable insertion device for lowering it down the axis of the
(0.01 in.) and an outer diameter of 1.5 mm (0.06 in.). The hot
furnace tube without shock, so that the geometric center of the
junction shall be insulated and not earthed. The thermocouples
specimen during the test is located at the geometric center of
shall be of either type K or type N. The thermocouple
the furnace, with a 63mm(6 ⁄8 in.) tolerance. The insertion
insulating material shall be either stainless steel or a nickel
device shall consist of a metallic sliding rod moving freely
based alloy.
within a vertical guide fitted to the side of the furnace.
6.4.2 All new thermocouples shall be exposed to a Bunsen
6.3.4 The test specimen holder for loose fill materials shall
be cylindrical and shall have the same inner dimensions as the burner yellow flame for not less than 60 s before use.
E2652–09
FIG. 2 Furnace Winding for Test Apparatus
NOTE 1—This will reduce thermocouple reflectivity.
so that its hot junction is located at the geometric center of the
test specimen. This shall be achieved by drillinga2mm (0.08
6.4.3 The furnace thermocouple shall be located with its hot
in.) diameter hole axially in the top of the test specimen.
junction10.0 60.5mm(0.4 60.04in.)fromthetubewalland
6.4.7 Optional Test Specimen Surface Thermocouple—The
ataheightcorrespondingtothegeometriccenterofthefurnace
optional test specimen surface thermocouple shall be posi-
tube.Alocating guide is a useful tool to set the position of the
tioned so that its hot junction is in contact with the test
thermocouple. The correct position shall be maintained with
specimen at mid-height of the test specimen at the start of the
the help of a guide attached to the draft shield.
test. It shall be located diametrically opposite the furnace
6.4.4 In addition to the thermocouple for the measurement
thermocouple.
of the furnace temperature, a similar thermocouple shall be
6.5 Thermal Sensor—The thermal sensor shall be con-
provided for measuring the furnace wall temperature during
structed of a thermocouple of the type specified in 6.4, brazed
calibration.
to a copper cylinder 10.0 6 0.2 mm (0.4 6 0.001 in.) in
6.4.5 If required, thermocouples shall also be provided for
diameter and 15.0 6 0.2 mm (0.6 6 0.001 in.) high.
measurement of the temperature in the geometric center of the
specimen and on the surface of the specimen. 6.6 Mirror—To facilitate observation of sustained flaming
6.4.6 Optional Test Specimen Center Thermocouple—The andforoperatorsafety,itisadvisabletoprovideamirrorabove
optional test specimen center thermocouple shall be positioned the apparatus, positioned so that it will not affect the test. A
E2652–09
FIG. 3 Specimen Holder for Solid Specimens
square mirror, 300 mm (11.8 in.) per side, at an angle of 30° to output from the thermocouple to the nearest 1°C (0.5ºF) or the
the horizontal, and placed 1 m (1.1 yd) above the furnace has millivoltequivalent.Itshallproduceapermanentrecordofthis
been found suitable. at intervals of not greater than 1 s.
6.7 Balance—A balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g (0.004
NOTE 2—A digital device or a multirange chart recorder with an
oz) is required.
operating range of 10 mV full scale deflection with a “zero” of approxi-
6.8 Voltage Stabilizer—A single-phase automatic voltage
mately 700°C (1292ºF) have been found suitable instruments
...
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