ASTM D3800-99(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
Standard Test Method for Density of High-Modulus Fibers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Fiber density is useful in the evaluation of new materials at the research and development level and is one of the material properties normally given in fiber specifications.
Fiber density is used to determine fiber strength and modulus both of a fiber bundle and an individual filament. These properties are based on load or modulus slope over an effective area. Fiber density may be used with lineal mass of the fiber to give an approximation of effective tow area. Tow area divided by the average number of filaments in a tow gives an approximation of the effective area of an individual filament.
Fiber density is used as a constituent property when determining reinforcement volume and void volume based on reinforcement mass and laminate density.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of high-modulus fibers and is applicable to both continuous and discontinuous fibers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 9 for additional information.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D3800–99 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of High-Modulus Fibers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3800; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density 3.1 Definitions—Terminology D3878 defines terms relating
ofhigh-modulusfibersandisapplicabletobothcontinuousand tocompositematerials.TerminologyE12definestermsrelating
discontinuous fibers. to density. Practice E177 defines terms relating to statistics. In
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as theeventofaconflictbetweenterms,TerminologyD3878shall
standard. have precedence over other standards.
1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera- 3.2 Symbols:
tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport to
address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its
r = density of standard
s
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
r = density of liquid
l
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
r = density of fiber
f
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
r = density of the measured fiber containing sizing
mf
See Section 9 for additional information.
r = density of the measured liquid containing sur-
ml
factant
2. Referenced Documents
r = density of surfactant
sur
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
r = density of sizing
sz
D891 Test Methods for Specific Gravity, Apparent, of
r = density of water
w
Liquid Industrial Chemicals
s = standard deviation
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-
M = weight of suspension wire in air
1
Gradient Technique
M = weight of suspension wire in liquid (to immer-
2
D3878 Terminology for Composite Materials sion point)
D5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture Absorption M = weight of suspension wire plus item whose
3
density is to be determined (in air)
Properties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-
M = weight of suspension wire plus item whose
trix Composite Materials
4
density is to be determined (in liquid)
D6308 Guide for Identification of Composite Materials in
3
M –M = weight of item for density to be determined in
Computerized Material Property Databases
3 1
air
E12 Terminology Relating to Density and Specific Gravity
3
M –M = weight of item for density to be determined in
of Solids, Liquids, and Gases 4 2
liquid
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
4. Summary of Test Method
E1471 Guide for Identification of Fibers, Fillers, and Core
4.1 General—Usingrandomselectiontechniques,asuitable
Materials in Computerized Material Property Databases
size sample of high-modulus fiber can be tested by any of the
three procedures described in this test method. Procedure A
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 on
using water with a surfactant as the liquid medium is preferred
Composite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D30.03 on
due to environmental and safety considerations. The other
Constituent/Precursor Properties.
methods shall not be used if Procedure A is adequate. Interim
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D3800 – 99. DOI:
use of Procedures B or C is allowed while a comparison is
10.1520/D3800-99R04.
made to results using Procedure A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2 Procedure A—Buoyancy (Archimedes) Method:
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
Withdrawn.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D3800–99 (2004)
4.2.1 The sample is weighed in air and weighed in a liquid
x = mass of sizing as a percentage of the total mass of the
that will thoroughly wet the sample and is of a lower density.
measured fiber.
4.2.2 The difference in weight of the sample in the two
6.1.5 Effect of Surfactant Density—The addition of a sur-
media is the buoyancy force. This force is converted to sample
factant to a liquid may produce bias if not considered. The
volume by dividing it by the liquid density. The sample weight
effect may be shown by the following equation:
in air divided by the sample volume equals the sample density.
~100
...
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