ASTM D87-09
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
Standard Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely used by wax suppliers and consumers. it is particularly applied to petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystalline in nature. A plateau occurs with specimens containing appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at the same temperature, giving up heat of fusion, thus temporarily retarding the cooling rate. In general, petroleum waxes with large amounts of non-normal hydrocarbons or with amorphous solid forms will not exhibit a plateau.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for waxes of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax.
Note 1—For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see Test Method D127 and Test Method D938. Results may differ, depending on the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D127 usually is used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D87 − 09
Designation:55/77(83) Technical Association of Pulp
and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 630m-61
Method 1402-Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
British Standard 4695
Standard Test Method for
1
Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D87; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemelting
3. Terminology
point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for
3.1 Definitions:
waxes of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or
3.1.1 melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax—
blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax.
temperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows a
NOTE 1—For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see
minimum rate of temperature change when allowed to cool
Test Method D127 and Test Method D938. Results may differ, depending
under prescribed conditions.
on the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D127
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The so-called “American Melting
usually is used.
Point” is arbitrarily 1.65°C (3°F) above the Melting Point
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
(Cooling Curve) of Petroleum Wax.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 In ProcedureA(Manual Method), a specimen of molten
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
wax in a test tube fitted with a thermometer or equivalent
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
temperature measuring device is placed in an air bath, which in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
turn is surrounded by a water bath held at 16 to 28°C (60 to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
80°F). As the molten wax cools, periodic readings of its
temperature are taken. When solidification of the wax occurs,
2. Referenced Documents
the rate of temperature change decreases, yielding a plateau in
2
the cooling curve. The temperature at that point is recorded as
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum the melting point (cooling curve) of the sample.
Wax, Including Petrolatum
4.2 In Procedure B, an automatic analyzer is used. As the
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
molten wax cools, the sample temperature decrease is mea-
Waxes, Including Petrolatum
sured every 15 s in 0.01°C (0.1°F) readings. The melting point
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
is considered to be reached when five consecutive measure-
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
ments are constant within a given temperature interval, usually
Measurement System Performance
0.1°C (0.2°F).
5. Significance and Use
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.1 Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.
used by wax suppliers and consumers. it is particularly applied
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
to petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystal-
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1966.
line in nature. A plateau occurs with specimens containing
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originally
appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at the
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D87–07a. DOI:
10.1520/D0087-09.
same temperature, giving up heat of fusion, thus temporarily
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
retarding the cooling rate. In general, petroleum waxes with
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
large amounts of non-normal hydrocarbons or with amorphous
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. solid forms will not exhibit a plateau.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D87−09
NOTE 3—If no plateau appears as defined above, the reading procedure
6. Apparatus
is continued until either (1) the temperature reache
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Technical Association of Pulp
Designation:D87–07a Designation: D87 – 09 and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 630m-61
Method 1402-Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
British Standard 4695
Designation: 55/77(83)
Standard Test Method for
1
Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D87; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for waxes
of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax.
NOTE 1—For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see Test Method D127 and Test Method D938. Results may differ, depending on
the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D127 usually is used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum Wax, Including Petrolatum
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax—temperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows a minimum rate
of temperature change when allowed to cool under prescribed conditions.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The so-called “American Melting Point” is arbitrarily 1.65°C (3°F) above the Melting Point (Cooling
Curve) of Petroleum Wax.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In Procedure A (Manual Method), a specimen of molten wax in a test tube fitted with a thermometer or equivalent
temperature measuring device is placed in an air bath, which in turn is surrounded by a water bath held at 16 to 28°C (60 to 80°F).
As the molten wax cools, periodic readings of its temperature are taken. When solidification of the wax occurs, the rate of
temperaturechangedecreases,yieldingaplateauinthecoolingcurve.Thetemperatureatthatpointisrecordedasthemeltingpoint
(cooling curve) of the sample.
4.2 In Procedure B, an automatic analyzer is used.As the molten wax cools, the sample temperature decrease is measured every
15 s in 0.01°C (0.1°F) readings. The melting point is considered to be reached when five consecutive measurements are constant
within a given temperature interval, usually 0.1°C (0.2°F).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.10.0A
on Physical/Chemical Properties.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1966.
Current edition approved Nov.Dec. 1, 2007.2009. Published November 2007.December 2009. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as
D87–07a. DOI: 10.1520/D0087-07A.10.1520/D0087-09.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D87–09
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely used by wax suppliers and consumers. it is particularly applied to
petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystalline in nature.Aplateau occurs with specimens containing appreciable
amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at the same temperature, giving up heat of fus
...
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