ASTM D87-07a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
Standard Test Method for Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for waxes of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax. Note 1For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see Test Method D 127 and Test Method D 938. Results may differ, depending on the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D 127 usually is used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Technical Association of Pulp
Designation:D87–07a and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 630m-61
Method 1402-Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
British Standard 4695
Designation: 55/77(83)
Standard Test Method for
1
Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D87; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemelting 3.1 Definitions:
point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for 3.1.1 melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax—
waxes of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or temperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows a
blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax. minimum rate of temperature change when allowed to cool
under prescribed conditions.
NOTE 1—For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The so-called “American Melting
Test Method D127 and Test Method D938. Results may differ, depending
Point” is arbitrarily 1.65°C (3°F) above the Melting Point
on the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D127
usually is used. (Cooling Curve) of Petroleum Wax.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4. Summary of Test Method
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4.1 In ProcedureA(Manual Method), a specimen of molten
only.
wax in a test tube fitted with a thermometer is placed in an air
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
bath, which in turn is surrounded by a water bath held at 16 to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
28°C (60 to 80°F).As the molten wax cools, periodic readings
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
of its temperature are taken. When solidification of the wax
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
occurs, the rate of temperature decreases, yielding a plateau in
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the cooling curve. The temperature at that point is recorded as
the melting point (cooling curve) of the sample.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 In Procedure B, an automatic analyzer is used. As the
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
molten wax cools, the sample temperature decrease is mea-
D127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum
sured every 15 s in 0.01°C (0.1°F) readings. The melting point
Wax, Including Petrolatum
is considered reached when five consecutive measurements are
D938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum
constant within a given temperature interval, usually 0.1°C
Waxes, Including Petrolatum
(0.2°F).
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
5. Significance and Use
Measurement System Performance
5.1 Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
used by wax suppliers and consumers. it is particularly applied
to petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystal-
line in nature. A plateau occurs with specimens containing
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
appreciable amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at the
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.
same temperature, giving up heat of fusion, thus temporarily
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
retarding the cooling rate. In general, petroleum waxes with
Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1966.
large amounts of non-normal hydrocarbons or with amorphous
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published November 2007. Originally
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D87–07. DOI: solid forms will not show the plateau.
10.1520/D0087-07A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6. Apparatus
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.1 The necessary apparatus for ProcedureAis described in
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Annex A1.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D87–07a
6.2 The automatic instrument consists of a bath (for ex- 9. Procedure B (Automatic Method)
ample, an aluminum
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D87–07 Designation: D 87 – 07a Technical Association of Pulp
and Paper Industry
Standard Method T 630m-61
Method 1402-Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
British Standard 4695
Designation: 55/77(83)
Standard Test Method for
1
Melting Point of Petroleum Wax (Cooling Curve)
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD 87;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax. It is unsuitable for waxes
of the petrolatum group, microcrystalline waxes, or blends of such waxes with paraffin wax or scale wax.
NOTE 1—For additional methods used for testing petroleum waxes, see Test Method D 127 and Test Method D 938. Results may differ, depending on
the method used. For pharmaceutical petrolatum, Test Method D 127 usually is used.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 127 Test Method for Drop Melting Point of Petroleum Wax, Including Petrolatum
D 938 Test Method for Congealing Point of Petroleum Waxes, Including Petrolatum
D 6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measurement System
Performance
E 1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1Definition:
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 melting point (cooling curve) of petroleum wax—temperature at which melted petroleum wax first shows a minimum rate
of temperature change when allowed to cool under prescribed conditions. Note2—The
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The so-called “American Melting Point” is arbitrarily 1.65°C (3°F) above the Melting Point (Cooling
Curve) of Petroleum Wax.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 In ProcedureA(Manual Method), a specimen of molten wax in a test tube fitted with a thermometer is placed in an air bath,
which in turn is surrounded by a water bath held at 16 to 28°C (60 to 80°F). As the molten wax cools, periodic readings of its
temperature are taken. When solidification of the wax occurs, the rate of temperature decreases, yielding a plateau in the cooling
curve. The temperature at that point is recorded as the melting point (cooling curve) of the sample.
4.2 In Procedure B, an automatic analyzer is used.As the molten wax cools, the sample temperature decrease is measured every
15 s in 0.01°C (0.1°F) readings. The melting point is considered reached when five consecutive measurements are constant within
a given temperature interval, usually 0.1°C (0.2°F).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.10.0A
on Physical/Chemical Properties.
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee. This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP standard in 1966.
Current edition approved Feb.Nov. 1, 2007. Published MarchNovember 2007. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 20042007 as
D87–04.D 87–07.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D87–07a
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Melting point (cooling curve) is a test that is widely used by wax suppliers and consumers. it is particularly applied to
petroleum waxes that are rather highly paraffinic or crystalline in nature.Aplateau occurs with specimens containing appreciable
amounts of hydrocarbons that crystallize at the same temperature, giving up heat of fusion, thus temporarily retarding the cooling
rate. In gene
...
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