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ASTM D4304-06

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication systems where the performance requirements demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This standard may also be applied to "combined cycle" turbine systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy efficiency.
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible with most existing machinery components, and with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform satisfactorily in some turbines.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2006
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4304-00 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Replaced By
ASTM D4304-06a - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
01-Jul-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D7155-20 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2006

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ASTM D4304-06 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesASTM D4304-06 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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ASTM D4304-06 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4304 – 06
Standard Specification for
1
Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* by Potentiometric Titration
D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in steam and
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
gasturbinelubricationsystemswheretheperformancerequire-
D 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-
ments demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded
cating Oils
with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as
D 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-
needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth. This
ited Mineral Oils
standard may also be applied to “combined cycle” turbine
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
systems, where a single lubricant circulating system is used to
Indicator Titration
supply oil to a steam and gas turbine configured in tandem
D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
either on a single or separate shaft for enhanced energy
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
efficiency.
D 1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally
D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
with most existing machinery components, and with appropri-
D 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
ate field maintenance, will maintain their functional character-
Viscosity System
istics.
D 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Prod-
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-
ucts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
cating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
D 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is
leum Oils
possible that oils that do not meet this specification may
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
perform satisfactorily in some turbines.
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2. Referenced Documents
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
2
Petroleum Products
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 4310 Test Method for Determination of the Sludging and
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
Open Cup Tester
D 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing Load
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)
D 130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from
D 6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petro-
Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
leum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulo-
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
metric Karl Fischer Titration
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
2.2 ISO Standards:
Viscosity)
ISO 4406 Particle Count Analysis
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.1 Type I mineral oils, n—oils for steam and gas turbine
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
lubricating systems where the machinery does not require
D02.C0 on Turbine Oils.
lubricants with enhanced load carrying capacity.
Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 4304–00.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Type I oils usually are available in ISO
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
VG 32, 46, 68 and 100 (see Classification D 2422). Such oils
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
normally contain rust and oxidation inhibitors in addition to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*ASummary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4304–06
other additives as required to meet the specified performance selection of oils that contain additional anti-wear additives to
characteristic. Type I oils are generally s
...

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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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1.3 For petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures of bromine number less than 1.0, a more precise measure for bromine-reactive constituents can be obtained by using Test Method D2710. If the bromine number is less than 0.5, then Test Method D2710 or the comparable bromine index methods for industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, Test Methods D1492 or D5776 must be used in accordance with their respective scopes. The practice of using a factor of 1000 to convert bromine number to bromine index is not applicable for these lower values of bromine number.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
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5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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