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ASTM D4304-00

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in steam and gas turbine lubrication systems where the performance requirements demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth.  
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally interchangeable with existing oils of this type, and are compatible with most existing machinery components and, with appropriate field maintenance, will maintain their functional characteristics.  
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubricating oil before it is installed in the machinery.  
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is possible that oils that do not meet this specification may perform satisfactorily in some turbines.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-2000
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4304-99 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Replaced By
ASTM D4304-06 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
Effective Date
01-May-2006
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000
Referred By
ASTM D7155-20 - Standard Practice for Evaluating Compatibility of Mixtures of Turbine Lubricating Oils
Effective Date
10-Dec-2000

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ASTM D4304-00 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas TurbinesASTM D4304-00 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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ASTM D4304-00 - Standard Specification for Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4304 – 00
Standard Specification for
1
Mineral Lubricating Oil Used in Steam or Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4304; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
2
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
1.1 This specification covers mineral oils used in steam and
D 2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
gasturbinelubricationsystemswheretheperformancerequire-
2
bine Oils by Rotating Bomb
ments demand a highly refined mineral base oil compounded
D 2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
with rust and oxidation inhibitors plus selected additives as
2
Viscosity System
needed to control foam, wear, demulsibility, and so forth.
D 3339 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Prod-
1.2 This specification is intended to define the properties of
3
ucts by Semi-Micro Color Indicator Titration
mineral oil-based turbine lubricating oils that are functionally
D 3427 Test Method for Air Release Properties of Petro-
interchangeable with existing oils of this type, are compatible
3
leum Oils
with most existing machinery components, and with appropri-
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
ate field maintenance, will maintain their functional character-
3
Petroleum Products
istics.
D 4310 Test Method for Determination of the Sludging and
1.3 This specification is intended to define only new lubri-
3
Corrosion Tendencies of Inhibited Mineral Oils
cating oil before it is installed in the machinery.
D 5182 Test Method for Evaluating the Scuffing (Scoring)
1.4 This specification is intended to be used as a guide. It is
3
Load Capacity of Oils (FZG Visual Method)
possible that oils that do not meet this specification may
perform satisfactorily in some turbines.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Type I mineral oils, n—oils for steam and gas turbine
2.1 ASTM Standards:
lubricating systems where the machinery does not require
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
2
lubricants with enhanced load carrying capacity. Such oils
Open Cup
2
normally contain rust and oxidation inhibitors plus other
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Oils
additives as needed to meet the specified performance charac-
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
2
teristics.TypeIoilsusuallyareavailableinISO-VG32,46,68,
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
and 100 (see Classification D 2422).
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
3.1.2 Type II mineral oils, n—oils for steam and gas turbine
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
2 lubricating systems where the machinery requires enhanced
ity)
load carrying capacity. These oils are similar to Type I and are
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
2 typically used in gas turbines with a load carrying gear marine
by Potentiometric Titration
turbines. Such oils contain rust and oxidation inhibitors, plus
D 665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
2 mild extreme pressure (EP) additives and other additives as
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
needed to meet the specified performance characteristics. Type
D 892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-
2 II oils usually are available in ISO-VG 32, 46, 68, 100, and
cating Oils
150.
D 943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-
2
3.1.3 functional properties, n—those properties of the min-
ited Mineral Oils
eral lubricating oil that are required for satisfactory operation
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
2
of the machinery. These properties are listed in Section 5.
Indicator Titration
4. Sampling and Testing
1
4.1 Sampling—Generally,takealloilsamplesinaccordance
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
with Practice D 4057.
D02.C on Turbine Oils.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 2000. Published January 2001. Originally
published as D 4304 – 84. Last previous edition D 4304 – 99.
2 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4304–00
TABLE 1 Requirements for Type I Turbine Oils
NOTE 1—The nature of some tests are such that they are not necessarily run on each batch. The values are
...

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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
Note 1: These limits are imposed since the precision of this test method has been determined only up to or within the range of these bromine numbers.  
1.2 The magnitude of the bromine number is an indication of the quantity of bromine-reactive constituents, not an identification of constituents; therefore, its application as a measure of olefinic unsaturation should not be undertaken without the study given in Annex A1.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
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5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
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1.1 This test method covers the use of rotational viscometers with an appropriate torque range and specific spindle for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and some lubricants. This test method covers the viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s  
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1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar...

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5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
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Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
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5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
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1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
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1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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