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ASTM D4652-92(1997)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation

Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers silicone fluid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone fluid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 cSt at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone fluid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-1997
ICS
29.035.20 - Plastics and rubber insulating materials
71.100.55 - Silicones
Technical Committee
D27 - Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gases
Drafting Committee
D27.02 - Gases and Non-Mineral Oil Liquids
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D4652-05 - Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Referred By
ASTM D5282-05(2020) - Standard Test Methods for Compatibility of Construction Material with Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D1816-12(2019) - Standard Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using VDE Electrodes
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997
Referred By
ASTM D2225-20 - Standard Test Methods for Silicone Liquids Used for Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
10-Apr-1997

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ASTM D4652-92(1997) - Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical InsulationASTM D4652-92(1997) - Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
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ASTM D4652-92(1997) - Standard Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 4652 – 92 (Reaproved 1997)
Standard Specification for
Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4652; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 1298 Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.1 This specification covers silicone fluid for use in trans-
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
formers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
or cooling medium, or both.
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
1.2 Silicone fluid covered by this specification is polydim-
illary Pycnometer
ethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 cSt at 25°C and
D 1533 Test Methods for Water in Insulating Liquids (Karl
a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only
Fischer Reaction Method)
to new silicone fluid. Information on in-service maintenance
D 1807 Test Methods for Refractive Index and Specific
testing is available in appropriate guides.
Optical Dispersion of Electrical Insulating Liquids
2. Referenced Documents
D 2129 Test Method for Color of Water White Electrical
Insulating Liquids
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
D 92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
Open Cup
D 2225 Methods of Testing Silicone Fluids Used for Elec-
D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
trical Insulation
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
D 2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Liq-
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
uids and Gases
Viscosity)
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
D 664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
by Potentiometric Titration
D 4059 Test Method forAnalysis of Polychlorinated Biphe-
D 877 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of
nyls in Insulating Liquids by Gas Chromatography
Insulating Liquids Using Disk Electrodes
D 4559 Test Method for Volatile Matter in Silicone Fluid
D 923 Test Method for Sampling Electrical Insulating
Liquids
3. Terminology
D924 TestMethodforDissipationFactor(orPowerFactor)
3.1 Definitions and descriptions of terms specific to this
and Relative Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Electri-
specification are given in Methods D 2225 and Terminology
cal Insulating Liquids
D 2864.
D 974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
Indicator Titration
4. Sampling and Testing
D 1169 Test Method for Specific Resistance (Resistivity) of
4 4.1 Take all samples in accordance with Methods D 923.
Electrical Insulating Liquids
4.2 Test in accordance with the methods specified in Table
1.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-27 on
NOTE 1—Because of the different needs of the various users, items
Electrical Insulating Liquids and Gasesand is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
relating to packaging, labeling, and quality assurance are subject to
mittee D27.02on Synt
...

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ASTM D4652-20(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers silicone fluid, polydimethylsiloxane, for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. Physical, electrical, and chemical tests shall be conducted on the specimen to check for quality conformance. The silicone fluid shall conform to the color, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, weight of volatile matter, dielectric breakdown, disk electrodes, VDE electrodes, dissipation factor, volume resistivity, neutralization number, water content, and PCB content requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers silicone liquid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone liquid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 mm2/s at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone liquid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4652-20(Specification)
Standard Specification for Silicone Liquid Used for Electrical Insulation

ABSTRACT
This specification covers silicone fluid, polydimethylsiloxane, for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both. Physical, electrical, and chemical tests shall be conducted on the specimen to check for quality conformance. The silicone fluid shall conform to the color, flash point, fire point, pour point, refractive index, viscosity, specific gravity, weight of volatile matter, dielectric breakdown, disk electrodes, VDE electrodes, dissipation factor, volume resistivity, neutralization number, water content, and PCB content requirements.
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1.1 This specification covers silicone liquid for use in transformers, capacitors, and electronic assemblies as an insulating or cooling medium, or both.  
1.2 Silicone liquid covered by this specification is polydimethylsiloxane having a nominal viscosity of 50 mm2/s at 25°C and a fire point of 340°C or greater. This specification applies only to new silicone liquid. Information on in-service maintenance testing is available in appropriate guides.2  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6356/D6356M-98(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Hydrogen Gas Generation of Aluminum Emulsified Asphalt Used as a Protective Coating for Roofing

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4.1 This procedure measures the amount of hydrogen gas generation potential of aluminized emulsion roof coating. There is the possibility of water reacting with aluminum pigment to generate hydrogen gas. This situation is to be avoided, so this test was designed to evaluate coating formulations and assess the propensity to gassing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a hydrogen gas and stability test for aluminum emulsified asphalt coatings.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3019/D3019M-17(2024)(Specification)
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This specification covers the physical requirements and testing of three types of lap cement for use with asphalt roll roofing. Type I is a brushing consistency lap cement intended for use in the exposed-nailing method of roll roofing application, and contains no mineral or other stabilizers. This type is further divided into two grades, as follows: Grade 1, which is made with an air-blown asphalt; and Grade 2, which is made with a vacuum-reduced or steam-refined asphalt. Both Types II and III, on the other hand, are heavy brushing or light troweling consistency lap cement intended for use in the concealed-nailing method of roll roofing application, only that Type II cement contains a quantity of short-fibered asbestos, while Type III cement contains a quantity of mineral or other stabilizers, or both, but contains no asbestos. The lap cements shall be sampled for testing, and shall adhere to specified values of the following properties: water content; distillation (total distillate at given temperatures); softening point of residue; solubility in trichloroethylene; and strength at indicated age.
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1.1 This specification covers lap cement consisting of asphalt dissolved in a volatile petroleum solvent with or without mineral or other stabilizers, or both, for use with roll roofing. The fibered version of these cements excludes the use of asbestos fibers.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat applies only to the test method portion, Section 6, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E831-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis

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5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion are used, for example, for design purposes and to determine if failure by thermal stress may occur when a solid body composed of two different materials is subjected to temperature variations.  
5.2 This test method is comparable to Test Method D3386 for testing electrical insulation materials, but it covers a more general group of solid materials and it defines test conditions more specifically. This test method uses a smaller specimen and substantially different apparatus than Test Methods E228 and D696.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical analysis techniques.  
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.  
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1.5 SI units are the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Research O.N. correlates with commercial automotive spark-ignition engine antiknock performance under mild conditions of operation.  
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5.2.1 Empirical correlations that permit calculation of automotive antiknock performance are based on the general equation:
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5.2.2 Research O.N., in conjunction with Motor O.N., defines the antiknock index of automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, in accordance with Specification D4814. The antiknock index of a fuel approximates the Road octane ratings for many vehicles, is posted on retail dispensing pumps in the U.S., and is referred to in vehicle manuals.
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5.3 Research O.N. is used for measuring the antiknock performance of spark-ignition engine fuels that contain oxygenates.  
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1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Research O.N., including fuels that contain up to 25 % v/v of ethanol. However, this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.2 The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The O.N. scale is defined by the volumetric composition of PRF blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more PRF blends. The O.N. of the PRF blend that matches the K.I. of the sample fuel establishes the Research O.N.  
1.2 The O.N. scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 Research O.N. Typical commercial fuels produced for spark-ignition engines rate in the 88 to 101 Research O.N. range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Research O.N. range.  
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1.4 For purposes of determining conformance with all specified limits in this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specified limit, in accordance with the rounding method of Practice E29.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Gu...

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5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
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5.2.2 American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.  
5.2.3 SAE J308.  
5.2.4 SAE J2360.
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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
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1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
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ASTM D2170/D2170M-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The kinematic viscosity characterizes flow behavior. The method is used to determine the consistency of liquid asphalt as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply. The specifications are usually at temperatures of 60 and 135 °C.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of kinematic viscosity of liquid asphalts, road oils, and distillation residues of liquid asphalts all at 60 °C [140 °F] and of liquid asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] (see table notes, 11.1) in the range from 6 to 100 000 mm2/s [cSt].  
1.2 Results of this test method can be used to calculate viscosity when the density of the test material at the test temperature is known or can be determined. See Annex A1 for the method of calculation.  
Note 1: This test method is suitable for use at other temperatures and at lower kinematic viscosities, but the precision is based on determinations on liquid asphalts and road oils at 60 °C [140 °F] and on asphalt binders at 135 °C [275 °F] only in the viscosity range from 30 to 6000 mm2/s [cSt].
Note 2: Modified asphalt binders or asphalt binders that have been conditioned or recovered are typically non-Newtonian under the conditions of this test. The viscosity determined from this method is under the assumption that asphalt binders behave as Newtonian fluids under the conditions of this test. When the flow is non-Newtonian in a capillary tube, the shear rate determined by this method may be invalid. The presence of non-Newtonian behavior for the test conditions can be verified by measuring the viscosity with viscometers having different-sized capillary tubes. The defined precision limits in 11.1 may not be applicable to non-Newtonian asphalt binders.  
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for details and the EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury, mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior ...

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ASTM E1894-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selecting Dosimetry Systems for Application in Pulsed X-Ray Sources

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
(1) Studies of the effects of X-rays and gamma rays on materials.
(2) Studies of the effects of radiation on electronic devices such as transistors, diodes, and capacitors.
(3) Computer code validation studies.  
4.2 This guide is written to assist the experimenter in selecting the needed dosimetry systems for use at pulsed X-ray facilities. This guide also provides a brief summary on how to use each of the dosimetry systems. Other guides (see Section 2) provide more detailed information on selected dosimetry systems in radiation environments and should be consulted after an initial decision is made on the appropriate dosimetry system to use. There are many key parameters which describe a flash X-ray source, such as dose, dose rate, spectrum, pulse width, etc., such that typically no single dosimetry system can measure all the parameters simultaneously. However, it is frequently the case that not all key parameters must be measured in a given experiment.
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ASTM D187-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Burning Quality of Kerosene

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Since the information provided by this test method is largely qualitative in nature, specific limits covering the following characteristics are required in referring to this test method in specifications for kerosene:  
5.1.1 Duration of the test: 16 h is understood, if not otherwise specified;  
5.1.2 Permissible change in flame shape and dimensions during the test;  
5.1.3 Description of the acceptable appearance of the chimney deposit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the burning properties of kerosene to be used for illuminating purposes. (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.)
Note 1: The corresponding Energy Institute (IP) test method is IP 10 which features a quantitative evaluation of the wick-char-forming tendencies of the kerosene, whereas Test Method D187 features a qualitative performance evaluation of the kerosene. Both test methods subject the kerosene to somewhat more severe operating conditions than would be experienced in typical designated applications.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements appear throughout the test method.  
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