ASTM D5366-23

Standard Test Method for Determining the Dynamic Performance of a Wind Vane

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a standard for comparison of wind vanes of different types. Specifications by regulatory agencies and industrial societies (3-5) have stipulated performance values. This test method provides an unambiguous method for measuring starting threshold, delay distance, and overshoot ratio.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the starting threshold, delay distance, and overshoot ratio of a wind vane from direct measurements in a wind tunnel. This test method is applicable only to wind vanes having measurable overshoot.  
1.2 This test method provides for determination of the performance of a system consisting of a wind vane and its associated position-to-output transducer in wind tunnel flow. Use of values determined by this test method to describe performance in atmospheric flow of a wind direction measuring system incorporating the vane must be done with an understanding of the differences between the two systems and the two environments.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2023
• ICS: 27.180 - Wind turbine energy systems
• Technical Committee: D22 - Air Quality
• Drafting Committee: D22.11 - Meteorology

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D1356-20a - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2020
• Refers: ASTM D1356-20 - Standard Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
• Effective Date: 15-Mar-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5366 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Dynamic Performance of a Wind Vane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the starting
3.1 Refer to Terminology D1356 for general terms and their
threshold, delay distance, and overshoot ratio of a wind vane
definitions.
from direct measurements in a wind tunnel. This test method is
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
applicable only to wind vanes having measurable overshoot.
3.2.1 delay distance (D), n—the distance air flows past a
1.2 This test method provides for determination of the
wind vane during the time it takes the vane to return to 50 %
performance of a system consisting of a wind vane and its
of the initial displacement.
associated position-to-output transducer in wind tunnel flow.
3.2.2 overshoot (θ ), n—the amplitude of a deflection of a
n
Use of values determined by this test method to describe
wind vane as it oscillates about θ after release from an initial
B
performance in atmospheric flow of a wind direction measur-
displacement.
ing system incorporating the vane must be done with an
understanding of the differences between the two systems and
3.2.3 overshoot ratio (Ω), n—the ratio of two successive
the two environments.
overshoots, as expressed by the equation:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as Ω 5 θ /θ (1)
~n11! n
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
where θ and θ are the n and n + 1 overshoots, respec-
n (n+1)
standard.
tively. In practice, since deflections after the first to the side
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
opposite the release point are normally small, the initial re-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
lease point (that is, the n = 0 deflection) and the first deflec-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion after release (n = 1) are used in determining the over-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
shoot ratio.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 starting threshold (U ), n—the lowest speed at which
o
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
the vane can be observed or measured moving from a 10° offset
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in a wind tunnel.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.3 Symbols:
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
D (m) delay distance
U (m/s) starting threshold
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. o
Ω (none) overshoot ratio
η (none) damping ratio
2. Referenced Documents
λ (m) damped natural wavelength
d
θ (degrees) overshoot; maximum angular excursion
n
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: θ (degrees) reference direction
o
θ (degrees) vane equilibrium position
B
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of
θ − θ (degrees) dynamic vane bias
B o
Atmospheres
3.4 Calculated or Estimated Values:
3.4.1 damping ratio (η), n—calculated from the overshoot
3
ratio (1, 2).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air
Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.
ln~1/Ω!
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
η 5 (2)
2 2 0.5
π 1 ln 1/Ω
~ @ ~ !# !
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5366 – 96 (2017).
DOI: 10.1520/D5366-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5366 − 23
3.4.2 damped natural wavelength (λ ), n—at sea level in the 1 % about the mean speed and shall exhibit a turbulence of less
d
U.S. Standard Atmosphere, damped natural wavelength is than 1 %. (Warning—Swirl in the wind tunnel may influence
related to delay distance and damping ratio by the empirical starting threshold
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5366 − 96 (Reapproved 2017) D5366 − 23
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining the Dynamic Performance of a Wind Vane
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5366; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the starting threshold, delay distance, and overshoot ratio of a wind vane from
direct measurements in a wind tunnel. This test method is applicable only to wind vanes having measurable overshoot.
1.2 This test method provides for determination of the performance of a system consisting of a wind vane and its associated
position-to-output transducer in wind tunnel flow. Use of values determined by this test method to describe performance in
atmospheric flow of a wind direction measuring system incorporating the vane must be done with an understanding of the
differences between the two systems and the two environments.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthsafety, health, and environmental practices and determine
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheres
3. Terminology
3.1 For terms that areRefer to Terminology D1356 not defined herein, refer to Terminology for general terms and their
definitions.D1356.
3.2 Definitions:Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 delay distance (D)—(D), n—the distance the air flows past a wind vane during the time it takes the vane to return to 50 %
of the initial displacement.
3.2.2 overshoot (θ )—), n—the amplitude of a deflection of a wind vane as it oscillates about θ after release from an initial
n B
displacement.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.11 on Meteorology.
Current edition approved March 15, 2017Sept. 1, 2023. Published March 2017September 2023. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20112017
as D5366D5366 – 96 (2017). – 96 (2011). DOI: 10.1520/D5366-96R17.DOI: 10.1520/D5366-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5366 − 23
3.2.3 overshoot ratio (Ω)—(Ω), n—the ratio of two successive overshoots, as expressed by the equation:
Ω5 θ /θ (1)
n11 n
~ !
where θ and θ are the n and n + 1 overshoots, respectively. In practice, since deflections after the first (toto the side
n (n+1)
opposite the release point are normally small, the initial release point (that is, the n = 0 deflection) and the first deflection after
release (n = 1) are used in determining the overshoot ratio.
3.2.4 starting threshold (U )—), n—the lowest speed at which the vane can be observed or measured moving from a 10° offset
o
in a wind tunnel.
3.3 Symbols:
D (m) delay distance
U (m/s) starting threshold
o
Ω (none) overshoot ratio
η (none) damping ratio
λ (m) damped natural wavelength
d
θ (degrees) overshoot; maximum angular excursion
n
θ (degrees) reference direction
o
θ (degrees) vane equilibrium position
B
θ − θ (degrees) dynamic vane bias
B o
3.4 Calculated or Estimated Values:
3
3.4.1 damping ratio (η)—(η), n—calculated from the overshoot ratio (1, 2).
ln 1/Ω
~ !
η5 (2)
2 2 0.5
π 1@ln 1/Ω #
~ ~ ! !
3.4.2 damped natural wavelength (λ )—), n—at sea level in the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, damped nat
...