ASTM D1217-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
Standard Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property which can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
5.2 This test method was originally developed for the determination of the density of the ASTM Knock Test Reference Fuels n-heptane and isooctane, with an accuracy of 0.00003 g/mL. Although it is no longer employed extensively for this purpose, this test method is useful whenever accurate densities of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum fractions with boiling points between 90 and 110°C are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the density of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates boiling between 90 and 110°C that can be handled in a normal fashion as a liquid at the specified test temperatures of 20 and 25°C.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for the conversion of density to relative density (specific gravity).
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
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Designation:D1217 −12
StandardTest Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by
1
Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the density 2.1 ASTM Standards:
of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates boiling between D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
90 and 110°C that can be handled in a normal fashion as a Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
liquid at the specified test temperatures of 20 and 25°C. E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for
3. Terminology
the conversion of density to relative density (specific gravity).
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
3.1.1 density, n—mass per unit volume at a specified
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
temperature. D4052
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
3.1.2 relative density, n—the ratio of the density of a
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
material at a stated temperature to the density of water at a
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
stated temperature. D4052
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s 4. Summary of Test Method
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into a pycnometer,
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
relative density (specific gravity) or density is then calculated
may be prohibited by law.
from this weight and the previously determined weight of
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as water that is required to fill the pycnometer at the same
temperature, both weights being corrected for the buoyancy of
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard. air.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Densityisafundamentalphysicalpropertywhichcanbe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hydrocarbons and their mixtures.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
5.2 This test method was originally developed for the
statements are given in Section 7.
determination of the density of the ASTM Knock Test Refer-
ence Fuels n-heptane and isooctane, with an accuracy of
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1217–93(2007). Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/D1217-12. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1217−12
carbons the density coefficient is about 0.0008 units/°C, and
therefore an error of 60.013°C would cause an error of
60.00001 in density.
6.4 Hypodermic Syringe, 30-mL capacity, of chemically
resistant glass, equipped with a 152-mm needle made of
stainless steel tubing as shown in Fig. 2.
6.5 Draw-Off Needle, made of stainless steel tubing as
shown in Fig. 2.
6.6 Solvent-Cleaning Assembly, as shown in Fig. 3.
6.7 Chromic Acid Cleaning Apparatus, similar to that
shown in Fig. 4.
6.8 Balance, capable of reproducing weighings within 0.1
mg. Mechanical balances should have sensitivity which causes
the pointer to be deflected 2 or 3 scale divisions per 1 mg when
carrying a load of 30 g or less on each pan.The balance should
be located in a room shielded from drafts and f
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1217 − 93 (Reapproved 2007) D1217 − 12
Standard Test Method for
Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by
1
Bingham Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1217; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the density of pure hydrocarbons or petroleum distillates boiling between 90
and 110°C that can be handled in a normal fashion as a liquid at the specified test temperatures of 20 and 25°C.
1.2 This test method provides a calculation procedure for the conversion of density to relative density (specific gravity).
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No
other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 density—density, n—the weight in vacuo, (that is, the mass) of a unit volume of the material at any givenmass per unit
volume at a specified temperature. D4052
3.1.2 relative density, (specific n—gravity)—the ratio of the mass (weight in vacuo) density of a given volume of material at a
temperature,stated ttemperature , to the mass of an equal volume of density of water at a reference temperature, stated
1
temperature.t ; or it is the ratio of the density of the material at t to the density of water at t . When the reference temperature
2 1 2
is 4.00°C, the temperature at which the relative density of water is unity, relative density (specific gravity) and density are
numerically equal. D4052
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The liquid sample is introduced into a pycnometer, equilibrated to the desired temperature, and weighed. The relative
density (specific gravity) or density is then calculated from this weight and the previously determined weight of water that is
required to fill the pycnometer at the same temperature, both weights being corrected for the buoyancy of air.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0D
on Physical and Chemical Methods.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. Published January 2008December 2012. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20032007
ε1
as D1217–93(2003)D1217–93(2007). . DOI: 10.1520/D1217-12.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website. DOI: 10.1520/D1217-93R07.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1217 − 12
FIG. 1 Bingham-Type Pycnometer, 25 mL
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property which can be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize pure
hydrocarbon
...
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