ASTM E1347-06(2011)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
Standard Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The most direct and accessible methods for obtaining the color differences and color coordinates of object colors are by instrumental measurement using colorimeters or spectrophotometers with either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring systems. This test method provides procedures for such measurement by use of a colorimeter with either a bidirectional or a hemispherical optical measuring system.
This test method is suitable for measurement of color differences of nonmetameric, nonparameric pairs of object-color specimens, or color coordinates of most such specimens. A further limitation to the use of colorimeters having hemispherical geometry is the existence of a chromatic integrating-sphere error that prevents accurate measurement of color coordinates when the colorimeter is standardized by use of a white standard.
For the measurement of retroreflective specimens by this test method, the use of bidirectional geometry is recommended (See Guide E179 and Practice E805).
Note 3—To ensure inter-instrument agreement in the measurement of retroreflective specimens, significantly tighter tolerances than those given in Practice E1164 in the section on Influx and Efflux Conditions for 45°:Normal (45:0) and Normal:45° (0:45) Reflectance Factor are required for the instrument angles of illumination and viewing. Information on the required tolerances is being developed.
A requirement for the use of a colorimeter to obtain accurate color coordinates is that the combination of source, filter, and detector characteristics to duplicate accurately the combined characteristics of a CIE standard illuminant and observer. When this requirement is not met, this test method requires the use of local standards for improving accuracy in the measurement of color coordinates (see also 4.2). For the measurement of small color differences between nonmetameric, nonparameric specimens, accuracy in absolute color coordinates is less important and standardization of the colo...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement of specimens resulting in color coordinates and color difference values by using a tristimulus colorimeter, also known as a tristimulus filter colorimeter or a color-difference meter.
1.2 Provision is made in this test method for the measurement of color coordinates and color differences by reflected or transmitted light using either a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere, or a bidirectional optical measuring system, such as annular, circumferential, or uniplanar 45:0 and 0:45 geometry.
1.3 Because of the limited absolute accuracy of tristimulus colorimeters, this test method specifies that, when color coordinates are required, the instrument be standardized by use of a standard having similar spectral (color) and geometric characteristics to those of the specimen. This standard is also known as a product standard. The use of a product standard of suitable stability is highly desirable.
1.4 Because tristimulus colorimeters do not provide any information about the reflectance or transmittance curves of the specimens, they cannot be used to gain any information about metamerism or paramerism.
1.5 Because of the inability of tristimulus (filter) colorimeters to detect metamerism or paramerism of specimens, this test method specifies that, when color differences are required, the two specimens must have similar spectral (color) and geometric characteristics. In this case, the instrument may be standardized for reflectance measurement by use of a white reflectance standard or, for transmittance measurement, with no specimen or standard at the specimen position.
1.6 This test method is generally suitable for any non-fluorescent, planar, object-color specimens of all gloss levels. Users must determine whether an instrument complying with this method yields results that are useful to evaluate and characterize retroreflective speci...
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Designation: E1347 − 06 (Reapproved2011)
Standard Test Method for
Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus
1
Colorimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1347; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope this method yields results that are useful to evaluate and
characterize retroreflective specimens, or specimens having
1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurement
optical structures.
ofspecimensresultingincolorcoordinatesandcolordifference
values by using a tristimulus colorimeter, also known as a
1.7 This test method does not apply to the use of a
tristimulus filter colorimeter or a color-difference meter.
spectrocolorimeter, which is a spectrometer that provides
colorimetric data, but not the underlying spectral data. Mea-
1.2 Provision is made in this test method for the measure-
surement by using a spectrocolorimeter is covered in Practice
ment of color coordinates and color differences by reflected or
E1164 and methods on color measurement by spectrophotom-
transmitted light using either a hemispherical optical measur-
etry.
ing system, such as an integrating sphere, or a bidirectional
optical measuring system, such as annular, circumferential, or
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
uniplanar 45:0 and 0:45 geometry.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.3 Because of the limited absolute accuracy of tristimulus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
colorimeters, this test method specifies that, when color coor-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
dinates are required, the instrument be standardized by use of
a standard having similar spectral (color) and geometric
2. Referenced Documents
characteristics to those of the specimen. This standard is also
2
known as a product standard. The use of a product standard of
2.1 ASTM Standards:
suitable stability is highly desirable.
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and
Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color
1.4 Because tristimulus colorimeters do not provide any
Coordinates
informationaboutthereflectanceortransmittancecurvesofthe
E179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for
specimens, they cannot be used to gain any information about
Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties
metamerism or paramerism.
of Materials
1.5 Because of the inability of tristimulus (filter) colorim-
E284 Terminology of Appearance
eters to detect metamerism or paramerism of specimens, this
E805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods of
test method specifies that, when color differences are required,
Color or Color-Difference Measurement of Materials
the two specimens must have similar spectral (color) and
E1164 PracticeforObtainingSpectrometricDataforObject-
geometric characteristics. In this case, the instrument may be
Color Evaluation
standardized for reflectance measurement by use of a white
E1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability of
reflectance standard or, for transmittance measurement, with
Color Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements
no specimen or standard at the specimen position.
1.6 This test method is generally suitable for any non-
3. Terminology
fluorescent, planar, object-color specimens of all gloss levels.
3.1 Definitions:
Users must determine whether an instrument complying with
3.1.1 The definitions contained in Guide E179 and Termi-
nology E284 are applicable to this test method.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 on
2
Spectrophotometry and Colorimetry. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011. Published November 2011. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E1347 – 06. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1347-06R11. the ASTM website.
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E1347 − 06 (2011)
4. Summary of Test Method with colorimeters in which there is good conformance of the
colorimeter readings to CIE tristimulus values, as determined
4.1 This test method provides procedures for measuring
by measurement of suitable verificat
...
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