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ASTM D4625-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)

Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points above 38°C (100°F) and 90 % distilled points below 340°C (644°F).
Note 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test method are Specification D 396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D 975, Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D 2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten storage time relative to that required at ambient storage temperatures.
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D 4625 results with sediment formation in actual field storage.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2003
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4625-92(1998) - Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43&#176C (110&#176F)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4625-04 - Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Referred By
ASTM D1655-23 - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D2274-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6468-22 - Standard Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6748-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Potential Instability of Middle Distillate Fuels Caused by the Presence of Phenalenes and Phenalenones (Rapid Method by Portable Spectrophotometer)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003

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ASTM D4625-03 - Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)ASTM D4625-03 - Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)
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ASTM D4625-03 - Standard Test Method for Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 4625 – 03
Designation: 378/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability at 43°C (110°F)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4625; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D 2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
1.1 This test method covers a method for evaluating the
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
inherent storage stability of distillate fuels having flash points
Petroleum Products
above 38°C (100°F) and 90 % distilled points below 340°C
(644°F).
3. Terminology
NOTE 1—ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this test
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method are Specification D 396, Grade Nos. 1 and 2; Specification D 975,
3.1.1 adherent insolubles, n—gums formed during storage
Grades 1-D and 2-D; and Specification D 2880, Grades 1-GT and 2-GT.
which remain tightly attached to the walls of the vessel.
1.2 This test method is not suitable for quality control
3.1.2 filterable insolubles, n—solids formed during storage
testing but, rather it is intended for research use to shorten
which can be removed from the fuel by filtration.
storage time relative to that required at ambient storage
3.1.3 inherent storage stability, n—of middle distillate
temperatures.
fuel—the resistance to change in storage in contact with air, but
1.3 Appendix X1 presents additional information about
in the absence of other environmental factors such as water, or
storage stability and the correlation of Test Method D 4625
reactive metallic surfaces and dirt.
results with sediment formation in actual field storage.
3.1.4 total insolubles, n—sum of the filterable insolubles
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
plus the adherent insolubles.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Four-hundred millilitre volumes of filtered fuel are aged
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
by storage in borosilicate glass containers at 43°C (110°F) for
periods of 0, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 weeks. After aging for a
2. Referenced Documents
selected time period, a sample is removed from storage, cooled
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to room temperature, and analyzed for filterable insolubles and
D 381 Test Method for Existent Gum in Fuels by Jet
for adherent insolubles.
Evaporation
5. Significance and Use
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils
5.1 Fuel oxidation and other degradative reactions leading
to formation of sediment (and color) are mildly accelerated by
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on the test conditions, compared to typical storage conditions. Test
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
results have been shown to predict storage stability more
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
reliably than other more accelerated tests. See Appendix X1 for
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally
information on the correlation of test results with actual field
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 4625–92(1998).
This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM/IP standard in 1986.
storage.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2 Because the storage periods are long (4 to 24 weeks), the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
test method is not suitable for quality control testing, but does
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. provide a tool for research on storage properties of fuels.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4625–03
FIG. 1 Schematic of Filtration System
5.3 Because environmental effects and the materials and Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society where
3
nature of tank construction affect storage stability, the results such specifications are available. Other grades may be used,
obtained by this test are not necessarily the same as those provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
obtained during storage in a specific field storage situatio
...

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of light and medium petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining process, This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
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ASTM D1159-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bromine Numbers of Petroleum Distillates and Commercial Aliphatic Olefins by Electrometric Titration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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SCOPE
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of solvent extractables in petroleum waxes.  
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5.1 Determination of the color of petroleum products is used mainly for manufacturing control purposes and is an important quality characteristic since color is readily observed by the user of the product. In some cases the color may serve as an indication of the degree of refinement of the material. When the color range of a particular product is known, a variation outside the established range can indicate possible contamination with another product. However, color is not always a reliable guide to product quality and should not be used indiscriminately in product specifications.
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Note 1: For determining the color of petroleum products darker than Saybolt Color − 16, see Test Method D1500.  
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1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units or in SI units and which are not in parentheses are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 2: Oil tubes and apparatus used in this test method have traditionally been marked in inches, (the tube is required to be etched with 1/8 in. divisions.) The Saybolt Color Numbers are aligned with inch, 1/2 in., 1/4 in., and 1/8 in. changes in the depth of oil. These fractional inch changes do not readily correspond to SI equivalents and in view of the preponderance of apparatus already in use and marked in inches, the inch/pound unit is regarded as the standard. However the test method does use SI units of length when the length is not directly related to divisions on the oil tube and Saybolt Color Numbers. The test method uses SI units for temperature.  
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ASTM D7152-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products

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5.1 Predicting the viscosity of a blend of components is a common problem. Both the Wright Blending Method and the ASTM Blending Method, described in this practice, may be used to solve this problem.  
5.2 The inverse problem, predicating the required blend fractions of components to meet a specified viscosity at a given temperature may also be solved using either the Inverse Wright Blending Method or the Inverse ASTM Blending Method.  
5.3 The Wright Blending Methods are generally preferred since they have a firmer basis in theory, and are more accurate. The Wright Blending Methods require component viscosities to be known at two temperatures. The ASTM Blending Methods are mathematically simpler and may be used when viscosities are known at a single temperature.  
5.4 Although this practice was developed using kinematic viscosity and volume fraction of each component, the dynamic viscosity or mass fraction, or both, may be used instead with minimal error if the densities of the components do not differ greatly. For fuel blends, it was found that viscosity blending using mass fractions gave more accurate results. For base stock blends, there was no significant difference between mass fraction and volume fraction calculations.  
5.5 The calculations described in this practice have been computerized as a spreadsheet and are available as an adjunct.3
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
1.2 This practice allows for the estimation of the fraction of each of two petroleum products needed to prepare a blend meeting a specific viscosity.  
1.3 This practice may not be applicable to other types of products, or to materials which exhibit strong non-Newtonian properties, such as viscosity index improvers, additive packages, and products containing particulates.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 Logarithms may be either common logarithms or natural logarithms, as long as the same are used consistently. This practice uses common logarithms. If natural logarithms are used, the inverse function, exp(×), must be used in place of the base 10 exponential function, 10×, used herein.  
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1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D4952-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is intended primarily for the detection of mercaptans in motor fuel, kerosine, and similar petroleum products. This method may also provide information on hydrogen sulfide and elemental sulfur that may be present in these sample types.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
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Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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