ASTM C78/C78M-15a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. The strength determined will vary where there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition, curing, or where the beam has been molded or sawed to size.
3.2 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning, mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point loading.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: C78/C78M − 15a
StandardTest Method for
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with
1
Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C78/C78M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural
strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with
strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with
Test Methods C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/
third-point loading.
C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
rupture. The strength determined will vary where there are
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition,
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
curing, or where the beam has been molded or sawed to size.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.2 The results of this test method may be used to determine
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning,
with the standard.
mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
for the construction of slabs and pavements.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Apparatus
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the requirements of the sections on Basis of Verification,
Corrections, and Time Interval Between Verifications of Prac-
2. Referenced Documents
ticesE4.Handoperatedtestingmachineshavingpumpsthatdo
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: not provide a continuous loading in one stroke are not
permitted. Motorized pumps or hand operated positive dis-
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Field placement pumps having sufficient volume in one continuous
stroke to complete a test without requiring replenishment are
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete permitted and shall be capable of applying loads at a uniform
ratewithoutshockorinterruption.Thetestingmachineshallbe
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
Specimens in the Laboratory equipped with a means of recording or holding the peak value
that will indicate the maximum load, to within 1 % accuracy,
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and Concrete applied to the specimen during a test.
Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for
4.2 Loading Apparatus—The third point loading method
Testing Agency Evaluation
shall be used in making flexure tests of concrete employing
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
bearing blocks that will ensure that forces applied to the beam
will be perpendicular to the face of the specimen and applied
without eccentricity. A diagram of an apparatus that accom-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on plishes this purpose is shown in Fig. 1.
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
4.2.1 Allapparatusformakingflexuretestsofconcreteshall
C09.61 on Testing for Strength.
be capable of maintaining the specified span length and
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
distances between load-applying blocks and support blocks
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C78/C78M – 15. DOI:
10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15A.
constant within 61.0 mm [60.05 in.].
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.2.2 The ratio of the horizontal distance between the point
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
of application of the load and the point of application of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. nearest reaction to the depth of the beam shall be 1.0 6 0.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C78/C78M − 15 C78/C78M − 15a
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with
1
Third-Point Loading)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C78/C78M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural strength of concrete by the use of a simple beam with third-point
loading.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C617 Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and Concrete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for Testing Agency
Evaluation
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is used to determine the flexural strength of specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Test Methods
C42/C42M or Practices C31/C31M or C192/C192M. Results are calculated and reported as the modulus of rupture. The strength
determined will vary where there are differences in specimen size, preparation, moisture condition, curing, or where the beam has
been molded or sawed to size.
3.2 The results of this test method may be used to determine compliance with specifications or as a basis for proportioning,
mixing and placement operations. It is used in testing concrete for the construction of slabs and pavements.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Testing Machine—The testing machine shall conform to the requirements of the sections on Basis of Verification,
Corrections, and Time Interval Between Verifications of Practices E4. Hand operated testing machines having pumps that do not
provide a continuous loading in one stroke are not permitted. Motorized pumps or hand operated positive displacement pumps
having sufficient volume in one continuous stroke to complete a test without requiring replenishment are permitted and shall be
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.61 on
Testing for Strength.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015May 1, 2015. Published May 2015June 2015. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 20102015 as
ε1
C78C78/C78M – 1015. . DOI: 10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15.10.1520/C0078_C0078M-15A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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C78/C78M − 15a
capable of applying loads at a uniform rate without shock or interruption. The testing machine shall be equipped with a means of
recording or holding the peak value that will indicate the maximum load, to within 1 % accuracy, applied to the specimen during
a test.
4.2 Loading Apparatus—The third point loading method shall be used in making flexure tests of concrete employing bearing
blocks that will ensure that forces applied to the beam will be perpendicular to the face of the specimen and applied without
eccentricity. A diagram of an apparatus that accomplishes this pur
...
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