ASTM E2550-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Thermogravimetry provides a rapid method for determining the thermal decomposition and reaction mass change of a material.
5.2 This test method is useful in detecting potentially hazardous reactions and in estimating the temperatures at which these reactions occur. This test method is recommended as a screening test for detecting the thermal hazards of an uncharacterized material or mixture (see Section 8).
5.3 Energetic materials, pharmaceuticals and polymers are examples of materials for which this test might be useful. This test is especially useful for materials having melting points that overlap with the onset of reaction or decomposition.
Note 1: In differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the melting endotherm may interfere with the determination of the onset temperature for reaction or decomposition.
5.4 This test is not suitable for materials that sublime or vaporize in the temperature range of interest. A sample with volatile impurities needs to be purified prior to testing by thermogravimetric analysis. Alternatively, the sample can be tested as is, however, special caution is required during the data analysis. The mass loss due to the loss of impurity should not interfere with the determination of reaction or decomposition temperature.
5.5 The four significant criteria of this test method are: the detection of a sample mass change; the extent of the mass change; the approximate temperature at which the event occurs; the observance of effects due to the atmosphere.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the assessment of material thermal stability through the determination of the temperature at which the materials start to decompose or react and the extent of the mass change using thermogravimetry. The test method uses minimum quantities of material and is applicable over the temperature range from ambient to 800 °C.
1.2 The absence of reaction or decomposition is used as an indication of thermal stability in this test method under the experimental conditions used.
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids or liquids, which do not sublime or vaporize in the temperature range of interest.
1.4 This test method shall not be used by itself to establish a safe operating or storage temperature. It may be used in conjunction with other test methods (for example, Test Methods E487 and E537, and Guide E1981) as part of a hazard analysis of a material.
1.5 This test method is normally applicable to reaction or decomposition occurring in the range from room temperature to 800 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used.
1.6 This test method may be performed in an inert, a reactive or self-generated atmosphere.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2550 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.1 This test method describes the assessment of material
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
thermal stability through the determination of the temperature
at which the materials start to decompose or react and the
2. Referenced Documents
extent of the mass change using thermogravimetry. The test
2
method uses minimum quantities of material and is applicable 2.1 ASTM Standards:
over the temperature range from ambient to 800 °C. E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
1.2 The absence of reaction or decomposition is used as an
E487 Test Methods for Constant-Temperature Stability of
indication of thermal stability in this test method under the
Chemical Materials
experimental conditions used.
E537 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids or liquids,
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
which do not sublime or vaporize in the temperature range of
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
interest.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
1.4 This test method shall not be used by itself to establish E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differen-
tial Scanning Calorimeters and Differential ThermalAna-
a safe operating or storage temperature. It may be used in
conjunction with other test methods (for example, Test Meth- lyzers
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
ods E487 and E537, and Guide E1981) as part of a hazard
analysis of a material. E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemi-
cals
1.5 This test method is normally applicable to reaction or
E1582 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-
decomposition occurring in the range from room temperature
gravimetric Analyzers
to 800 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending
E1981 Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials
on the instrumentation used.
by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
1.6 This test method may be performed in an inert, a
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-
reactive or self-generated atmosphere.
gravimetric Analyzers
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3. Terminology
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3.1 Definitions:
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the 3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the defined in Terminologies E473, E1142, and E1445. These
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- terms include thermogravimetry (TG), thermogravimetric
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- analysis (TGA), thermal stability, onset temperature (T ),
o
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. derivative, and TG curve.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor- 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.1 derivative thermogravimetry or DTG curve, n—a dis-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the play of the first derivative of thermogravimetry data with
respect to temperature or time.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo-
2
rimetry and Mass Loss. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E2550 – 17. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E2550-21. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2550 − 21
3.2.2 mass change plateau, n—a region of the thermogra- thermogravimetric analys
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2550 − 17 E2550 − 21
Standard Test Method for
1
Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2550; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method describes the assessment of material thermal stability through the determination of the temperature at which
the materials start to decompose or react and the extent of the mass change using thermogravimetry. The test method uses minimum
quantities of material and is applicable over the temperature range from ambient to 800°C.800 °C.
1.2 The absence of reaction or decomposition is used as an indication of thermal stability in this test method under the
experimental conditions used.
1.3 This test method may be performed on solids or liquids, which do not sublime or vaporize in the temperature range of interest.
1.4 This test method shall not be used by itself to establish a safe operating or storage temperature. It may be used in conjunction
with other test methods (for example, Test Methods E487 and E537, and Guide E1981) as part of a hazard analysis of a material.
1.5 This test method is normally applicable to reaction or decomposition occurring in the range from room temperature to 800°C.
800 °C. The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation used.
1.6 This test method may be performed in an inert, a reactive or self-generated atmosphere.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calorimetry
and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017Oct. 1, 2021. Published September 2017November 2021. Originally approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 20112017
as E2550 – 11.E2550 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/E2550-17.10.1520/E2550-21.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2550 − 21
E487 Test Methods for Constant-Temperature Stability of Chemical Materials
E537 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Chemicals by Differential Scanning Calorimetry
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E967 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Differential Scanning Calorimeters and Differential Thermal Analyzers
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1445 Terminology Relating to Hazard Potential of Chemicals
E1582 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
E1981 Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materials by Methods of Accelerating Rate Calorimetry
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Specific technical terms used in this test method are defined in Terminologies E473, E1142, and E1445. These terms include
thermogravimetry (TG),thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),thermal stability,onset temperature (T ),derivative, and TG curve.
o
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 derivative thermogravimetry
...
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