ASTM D4035-22

Standard Performance Specification for Knitted Necktie and Scarf Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.  
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.  
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4035 except for the following characteristic(s).”  
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.  
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers knitted necktie and scarf fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile fibers.  
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2022
• ICS: 61.040 - Headgear. Clothing accessories. Fastening of clothing
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.61 - Apparel

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D3787-16(2020) - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2020
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D3787-16 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2016
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D2724-07(2015) - Standard Test Methods for Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM D3787-15 - Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D7022-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Apparel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D7022-13e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Apparel
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13ae1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D2594-04(2012) - Standard Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2012
• Refers: ASTM D123-12e1 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2012

Overview

ASTM D4035-22: Standard Performance Specification for Knitted Necktie and Scarf Fabrics establishes a comprehensive set of performance requirements for fabrics designed for use in neckties and scarves. Developed by ASTM International, this standard applies to knitted fabrics made from any type or blend of textile fibers. The specification ensures quality and consistency for both manufacturers and buyers, providing agreed-upon criteria for fabric performance, durability, colorfastness, and fabric appearance. It also accounts for both length and width directions where fabric orientation is relevant.

Key Topics

• Performance Requirements: The standard outlines performance benchmarks for various characteristics including bursting strength, dimensional stability, colorfastness (to laundering, dry cleaning, light, crocking, and perspiration), appearance after laundering, and flammability.
• Testing Procedures: Reference is made to recognized ASTM and AATCC test methods for evaluating properties such as bursting strength, dimensional changes, and colorfastness.
• Mutual Agreements: Purchasers and sellers may mutually agree to modify or adjust the requirements to suit specific needs, especially for fashion or aesthetic choices. When doing so, deviations must be explicitly stated.
• Use of Requirements: If no prior agreement is reached, the requirements in the specification serve as a guide to resolve disputes, with a focus on balancing performance and consumer demands.
• Sampling and Safety: The standard specifies that tests should be performed on fabrics as they will be delivered to the consumer and reminds users to consider all relevant safety, health, and environmental practices.

Applications

The ASTM D4035-22 standard is widely applicable across the textile and apparel industry, particularly for:

• Manufacturers of Knitted Necktie Fabrics: Ensures consistent quality control during production of necktie materials by providing measurable benchmarks for fabric characteristics such as strength, dimensional stability, and resistance to color change.
• Producers of Knitted Scarf Fabrics: Supports the development and testing of scarf fabrics that maintain appearance and integrity after laundering or dry cleaning, crucial for consumer satisfaction and repeat business.
• Quality Assurance and Procurement: Serves as a reliable reference point for contracts and quality assurance agreements, helping ensure both buyers and sellers have a clear mutual understanding of fabric expectations.
• Fashion and Apparel Designers: Provides flexibility to adapt or adjust requirements based on fashion trends or aesthetic demands while retaining traceability to industry best practices.
• Testing Laboratories: Guides the selection of appropriate test methods to verify conformity of samples, allowing for confident reporting of compliance or identifying specific deviations.

Related Standards

Several important ASTM and AATCC standards are referenced within ASTM D4035-22, supporting precise testing and terminology:

• ASTM D123: Terminology Relating to Textiles
• ASTM D2594: Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics
• ASTM D2724: Test Method for Bond Strength of Apparel Fabrics
• ASTM D3786 & D3787: Test Methods for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics
• AATCC Methods: Including methods for colorfastness to laundering, light, crocking, and bleach, as well as dimensional changes and fabric appearance
• 16 CFR 1610: Federal Standard for Flammability of Clothing Textiles

By adhering to ASTM D4035-22, organizations involved in the design, production, and supply of necktie and scarf fabrics can deliver consistent product quality, meet regulatory requirements, and respond to evolving fashion and consumer needs. This standard supports clear communication, testing consistency, and overall quality in the textile sector.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:D4035 −22
Standard Performance Specification for
Knitted Necktie and Scarf Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—
Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
1.1 This performance specification covers knitted necktie
D7022 Terminology Relating to Apparel
and scarf fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of
2.2 AATCC Methods:
textile fibers.
TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width
TM15 Colorfastness to Perspiration
directions for those properties where fabric direction is perti-
TM16.3 Colorfastness to Light
nent.
TM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
TM61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification. This
TM96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering of
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
Woven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
TM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crock-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
meter Method
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
TM124 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated
regulatory limitations prior to use.
Home Laundering
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
TM132 Colorfastness to Drycleaning
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
TM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
TM172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Home Laundering
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
TM188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Home Laundering
EP1 Gray Scale for Color Change
2. Referenced Documents
EP2 Gray Scale for Staining
2.1 ASTM Standards: EP8 AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
2.3 Federal Standard:
D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics
16 CFR 1610—Standard for Flammability of Clothing Tex-
Having Low Power
tiles
D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused,
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the
and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
methods. The current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
3. Terminology
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile
Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.61, Apparel, see
Terminology D7022.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
necktie, scarf, in apparel.
D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on
Apparel.
3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms, see Terminol-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published December 2022. Originally
ogy D123.
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D4035 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/D4035-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://
the ASTM website. www.aatcc.org.
3 5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office,
www.astm.org. Washington, DC 20402.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4035−22
3.3 For terms relating to chemical or colorfastness testing, demands dictate varying performance parameters for any
refer to specific AATCC methods. particular style of fabric.
5.4 Thesignificanceanduseofparticularpropertiesandtest
4. Specification Requirements
methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the
4.1 The properties of fabrics for neckties and scarfs shall
specified test methods.
conform to the specification requirements in Table 1.
6. Sampling
5. Significance and Use
6.1 Testsshallbeperformedonthefabricasitwillreachthe
consumer. Any “partially finished” or “post-finished” fabrics
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the
should first be processed in accordance with the fabric manu-
seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the
facturer’s instructions.
requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
6.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an
5.2 Itisrecognizedthatforpurposesoffashionoraesthetics
applicablematerialspecification,takethenumberofspecimens
the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may
directed in each of the applicable test methods.
find acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the
6.2.1 If there has been no prior agreement and the test
requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the
method does not specify the number of specimens, use the
requirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutual
procedures in Practice D2905 to determine the number of
agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
specimens, such that the user may expect at the 95 % prob-
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall
ability level that the test result is no more than 5 % of the
specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4035
averageaboveorbelowthelotaverage(thatis,theaveragethat
except for the following characteristic(s).”
would be obtained by applying this method to the entire lot)
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached
when using a reliable estimate of variability of individual
between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of
observations on similar materials in the user’s laboratory under
controversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to
conditions of single-operator precision.
be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer
7. Test Methods (see Note 1)
7.1 Bursting Strength—Determine the bursting strength, in
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, as directed in Test
Method D3786 or Test Method D3787.
NOTE 1—Grade for colorfastness and SArating is based on a numerical
scale of 5 for negligible or no color change, color transfer, or wrinkle to
NOTE 2—There is no overall correlation between the results obtained
1 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkle. The numerical
with the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and the
rating in Table 1 or a higher numerical rating is acceptable.
diaphragm bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannot
Characteristic Requirements Section
be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRT machine
equipped with a bursting attachment method shall prevail.
Bursting strength (load) (ball burst) 50 lbf (222 N) 7.1
Dimensional change: NOTE3—Theprecisionof
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4035 − 14 D4035 − 22
Standard Performance Specification for
Knitted Necktie and Scarf Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This performance specification covers knitted necktie and scarf fabrics composed of any textile fiber or mixture of textile
fibers.
1.2 These requirements apply to the length and width directions for those properties where fabric direction is pertinent.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 7, of this specification.This
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D2594 Test Method for Stretch Properties of Knitted Fabrics Having Low Power
D2724 Test Method for Bond Strength of Bonded, Fused, and Laminated Apparel Fabrics
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
D3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method
D3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textiles—Constant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst Test
D7022 Terminology Relating to Apparel
2.2 AATCC Methods:
8TM8 Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method
15TM15 Colorfastness to Perspiration
16.3TM16.3 Colorfastness to Light
23TM23 Colorfastness to Burnt Gas Fumes
61TM61 Colorfastness to Laundering: Accelerated
96TM96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering of Woven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool
116TM116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical Crockmeter Method
This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2014Nov. 1, 2022. Published March 2014December 2022. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
D4035 – 13.D4035 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/D4035-14.10.1520/D4035-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http://www.aatcc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D4035 − 22
124TM124 Smoothness Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Laundering
132TM132 Colorfastness to Drycleaning
135TM135 Dimensional Changes of Fabrics
172TM172 Colorfastness to Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach in Home Laundering
188TM188 Colorfastness to Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach in Home Laundering
Evaluation Procedure 1EP1 Gray Scale for Color Change
Evaluation Procedure 2EP2 Gray Scale for Staining
Evaluation Procedure 8EP8 AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale
2.3 Federal Standard:
16 CFR 1610—Standard for Flammability of Clothing Textiles
NOTE 1—Reference to test methods in this specification give only the permanent part of the designation of ASTM, AATCC, or other test methods. The
current editions of each test method cited shall prevail.
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology related to D13.61, Apparel, see Terminology D7022.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: necktie, scarf, in apparel.
3.2 For definitions of all other textile terms, see Terminology D123.
3.3 For terms relating to chemical or colorfastness testing, refer to specific AATCC methods.
4. Specification Requirements
4.1 The properties of fabrics for neckties and scarfs shall conform to the specification requirements in Table 1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller, fabrics intended for this end use should meet all of the
requirements listed in Table 1 of this specification.
5.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthetics the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabrics may find
acceptable fabrics that do not conform to all of the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of the requirements listed in
Table 1 may be modified by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the seller.
5.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shall specify that: “This fabric meets ASTM Specification D4035 except
for the following characteristic(s).”
5.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reached between the purchaser and the seller, and in case of controversy, the
requirements listed in Table 1 are intended to be used as a guide only. As noted in 5.2, ultimate consumer demands dictate varying
performance parameters for any particular style of fabric.
5.4 The significance and use of particular properties and test methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of the specified test
methods.
6. Sampling
6.1 Tests shall be performed on the fabric as it will reach the consumer. Any “partially finished” or “post-finished” fabrics should
first be processed in accordance with the fabric manufacturer’s instructions.
6.2 Unless otherwise agreed upon, as when specified in an applicable material specification, take the number of specimens directed
in each of the applicable test methods.
Available from Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
D4035 − 22
TABLE 1 Specification Requirements
NOTE 1—Grade for colorfastness and SA rating is based on a numerical
scale of 5 for negligible or no color change, color transfer, or wrinkle to
1 for very severe color change, color transfer, or wrinkle. The numerical
rating in Table 1 or a higher numerical rating is acceptable.
Characteristic Requirements Section
Bursting strength (load) (ball burst) 50 lbf (222 N) 7.1
Dimensional change:
Pressing and finishing 2 % max 7.2.1
After five launderings 5 % max 7.2.2
After three dry cleanings 3 % max 7.2.3
Growth 3 % max 7.2.4
Colorfastness:
Burnt gas fumes, 2 cycles: 7.3.1
A
Shade change, original fabric Grade 4 min
A
Grade 4 min
Shade change after one laun-
dering or one dry cleaning
A
Sodium Hypochlorite Bleach Grade 4 min 7.3.7
A
Powdered Non-Chlorine Bleach Grade 4 min 7.3.8
E
Laundering: 7.3.2
A
Shade change Grade 4 min
B
Grade 3 min
Staining
Drycleaning: 7.3.3
A
Shade change Grade 4 min
E
Crocking: 7.3.4
C
Dry Grade 4 min
C
Grade 3 min
Wet
E
Perspiration: 7.3.5
A
Shade change Grade 4 min
B
Grade 3 min
Staining
A
Light (40 AATCC Fading Units) Grade 4 min 7.3.6
(xenon-arc)
A
Light (40 AFUs) (xenon-arc) Grade 4 min 7.3.6
D
Fabric appearance (see 7.4.1.1) SA 3.5 min 7.4
Flammability Class 1 or Class 2 7.5
A
AATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.
B
AATCC Gray Scale for Staining.
C
AATCC 9-Step Chromatic Transference Scale.
D
For durable press fabrics only.
E
See Note 7.
6.2.1 If there has been no prior agreement and the test method does not specify the number of specimens, use the procedures in
Pra
...