ASTM D7578-15
(Guide)Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
Standard Guide for Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of Petroleum Products and Lubricants
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Crude oil, petroleum, petroleum products, additives, biofuels, and lubricants are routinely analyzed for their elemental content such as chlorine, nitrogen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and various metals using a variety of analytical techniques. Some of these methods require little to no method calibration; some others require only simple one step calibration; while others require elaborate calibration routine before the product is analyzed for its elemental content.
5.2 Fairly often it can be shown that the round robin results by a co-operator are all biased with respect to those from other laboratories. Presumably, the failure to follow good laboratory practices and instructions in the test methods can be a causal factor of such errors. A further consequence is an unnecessarily large reproducibility estimate or the data being dropped from the study as an outlier.
5.2.1 Another cause of such discrepancies could be different or inadequate calibration practice used in the laboratory. Most test methods spell out the calibration requirements but often do not quote the frequency required letting the laboratories use good laboratory practices for this task. Thus, uniform practice for instrument calibration would be beneficial in standardizing the test procedures and obtaining consistent results across the laboratories.
5.3 Committee D02 has already issued standard practices for uniform sample preparation (D7455), standard operating procedures for ICP-AES (D7260) and XRF (D7343) as well as standard quality assurance protocol (D6792). This guide should be considered as a continuing effort on behalf of this subcommittee to achieve standardized practices in all parts of an analytical sequence.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results across different laboratories.
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and additional instrument preparation that may be required.
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods being used.
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7578 − 15
Standard Guide for
Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of
1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test 2.1 ASTM Standards:
methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
lubricant samples are calibrated before the sample analysis. eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is benefi-
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
cial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent
ity)
results across different laboratories.
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum
encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary
Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
mayrequirespecialprocedures.Seeindividualtestmethodsfor
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
instructions to handle such situations.
and Additives
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understand- D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
ing Oils
ingoftheactualtestmethodtobeused,caveatsitcontains,and
additional instrument preparation that may be required. D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test
Additives
methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp
test methods being used.
Method)
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample prepa-
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame
ration of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis.
Photometric Method)
1
Work is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03.
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil
3
Asmoreinformationbecomesavailable,itwillbeaddedtothis
(Withdrawn 1997)
standard.
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
High Temperature Combustion and IR Detection
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
standard.
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
(Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcou-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
lometry
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
mittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally the ASTM website.
ε1
3
approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D7578 – 10 . DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D7578-15. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7578 − 15
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils D5291 Test Methods for Instrumental Determination of
and Fuel Oils by Modified Kjeldahl Method Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen in Petroleum Products
D3230 Test Method for Salts in Crude Oil (Electrometric and Lubricants
D5384 Test Methods for Chlorine in Used Petroleum Prod-
Method)
ucts (Field Test Kit Method)
D3231 Test Method for Phosphorus in Gasoline
D5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in
D3237 TestMethodforLeadinGasoli
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D7578 − 10 D7578 − 15
Standard Guide for
Calibration Requirements for Elemental Analysis of
1
Petroleum Products and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7578; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Updated Table 8 to correct Referenced Document editorially in August 2011.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide covers different ways by which the test methods used for elemental analysis of petroleum product and lubricant
samples are calibrated before the sample analysis.
1.2 Uniform practice for test method calibration is beneficial in standardizing the procedures, and obtaining consistent results
across different laboratories.
1.3 This guide includes only the basic steps for generally encountered instrument types. Anything out of the ordinary may
require special procedures. See individual test methods for instructions to handle such situations.
1.4 This guide is not a substitute for a thorough understanding of the actual test method to be used, caveats it contains, and
additional instrument preparation that may be required.
1.5 The user should not expand the scope of the test methods to materials or concentrations outside the scope of the test methods
being used.
1.6 This guide should also be applicable to sample preparation of non-petroleum based bio-fuels for elemental analysis. Work
is underway on these aspects in Subcommittee D02.03. As more information becomes available, it will be added to this standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
D808 Test Method for Chlorine in New and Used Petroleum Products (High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D1018 Test Method for Hydrogen In Petroleum Fractions
D1091 Test Methods for Phosphorus in Lubricating Oils and Additives
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)
D1318 Test Method for Sodium in Residual Fuel Oil (Flame Photometric Method)
1 3
D1548 Test Method for Vanadium in Heavy Fuel Oil (Withdrawn 1997)
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and IR Detection
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.03 on Elemental Analysis.
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2010June 1, 2015. Published March 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 2010. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as
ε1
D7578 – 10 . DOI: 10.1520/D7578-10.10.1520/D7578-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7578 − 15
D1839 Test Method for Amyl Nitrate in Diesel Fuels
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)
D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Microcoulometry
D3228 Test Method for Total Nitrogen in Lubricating Oils
...
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