ASTM D2305-99
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Polymeric Films Used for Electrical Insulation
Standard Test Methods for Polymeric Films Used for Electrical Insulation
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of homogeneous organic polymer films not over 2.4 mm (95 mils) thick that are to be used for electrical insulation.
1.2 These test methods are not necessarily applicable to testing films in combinations with a coating, another film, or with other types of substrate, such as fabrics or papers.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 The procedures appear in the following sections:
ProcedureSectionsConditioning 5 and 6 Dielectric Breakdown Voltage Dielectric Strength 20 to 25 Extractables 64 to 69 Heat-Seal Strength 58 to 63 Permittivity and Dissipation Factor 41 to 46 Resistance Method for Measuring the Tendency Corrode Metals37 to 40Sampling 4Shrinkage 47 to 52Strain Relief 12 to 19Surface Resistivity 26 to 30 Tensile Properties11Thickness 7 to 10 Volume Resistivity 31 to 36 Water Absorption 52 to 57
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement see 23.1.
Note 1 - These test methods are similar to IEC 60674-2.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 2305 – 99 An American National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Polymeric Films Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2305; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 257 Test Methods for D-C Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials
1.1 These test methods cover the testing of homogeneous
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
organic polymer films not over 2.4 mm (95 mils) thick that are
lation
to be used for electrical insulation.
D 570 Test Method for Water Absorption of Plastics
1.2 These test methods are not necessarily applicable to
D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic
testing films in combinations with a coating, another film, or
Sheeting
with other types of substrate, such as fabrics or papers.
D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values
D 1000 Test Methods for Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-
in parentheses are provided for information only.
Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-
1.4 The procedures appear in the following sections:
tions
Procedure Sections
D 1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (Dielectric
Conditioning 5 and 6
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage & Dielectric Strength 20 to 25
Constant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid Displacement
Extractables 64
Procedures
Heat-Seal Strength 58 to 63
D 1676 Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
Permittivity and Dissipation Factor 41 to 46
Resistance Method for Measuring the Tendency to
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Corrode Metals 37 to 40
D 5032 Practice for Maintaining Constant Relative Humid-
Sampling 4
ity by Means of Aqueous Glycerin Solutions
Shrinkage 47 to 52
Strain Relief 12 to 19
D 6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-
Surface Resistivity 26 to 30
terials for Testing
Tensile Properties 11
Thickness 7 to 10 E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Volume Resistivity 31 to 36
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
Water Absorption 52 to 57
2.2 IEC Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Publication 60674–2 Specification for Plastic Films for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Electrical Purposes
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3. Terminology
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
3.1 Definitions:
warning statement see 23.1.
3.1.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies
D 1711 and D 883 unless otherwise specified.
NOTE 1—These test methods are similar to IEC 60674–2.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 sheet, n—material greater than 75 mm in width.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.2 strain relief, n—relaxation at a specified elevated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperature of induced strains.
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
3.2.3 strip, n—material 75 mm or less in width.
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
at Commercial Power Frequencies
4. Sampling
D 150 Test Methods for A-C Loss Characteristics and
4.1 Remove the outer three or more layers down from the
Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insu-
2 roll or stack of material before sampling.
lating Materials
4.2 If the film is known or suspected to be anisotropic for a
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.
Subcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1999. Published March 2000. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
published as D 2305 – 64 T. Last previous edition D 2305 – 95. Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,
2 th
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. 13 Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 2305
given property, prepare and mark each test specimen to with this method have determined that two test results can be
indicate the axis of maximum orientation. The axis parallel to expected (with a probability of 95 %) to agree within 3 %.
the direction of extrusion, or casting, is conventionally de- Each test result is the average of 10 thickness readings taken on
scribed as the machine direction and is abbreviated MD. The a single sample of polyimide film in one laboratory in which a
axis that is normal to both the MD axis and the thickness axis multiple number of operators used the same apparatus.
is conventionally described as the transverse direction and is 10.2 Bias—This test method has no bias because the value
abbreviated TD. for thickness is determined solely in terms of this test method.
4.3 Prepare test specimens suitable for each test from
TENSILE PROPERTIES
samples that have been cut across the entire width of the
sampled material. If the width of strip material is too small to
11. Procedure
permit preparation of specimens of the required dimensions,
11.1 Use Method A of Test Methods D 882. Report data
then specimens may be prepared from samples taken from mill
only for the specific tests required by a specification.
rolls prior to slitting to the furnished width.
11.2 Prepare five specimens in each of the two principal
CONDITIONING
directions, each 12 by 200 mm (0.5 by 8 in.).
11.3 Unless otherwise stated, measure the tensile strength
5. Significance and Use
and tensile elongation, with initial jaw separation of 100 6 2
5.1 Many electrical and physical properties of films vary
mm (4.06 0.08 in.) and rate of jaw separation of 50 6 2mm
significantly with changes in temperature and humidity. Prop-
(2 6 0.08 in.)/min.
erties of thin plastic films can change very rapidly; therefore,
11.4 For each specimen, record the thickness and width
the specimen should be in the stated conditioning environment
prior to the application of the tensile force. Use these values to
when the test is being performed. When the test is performed
calculate the tensile strength for each specimen. Report the
in a different environment, note these conditions and the time
tensile strength in MPa (lbf/in. ).
of exposure to this new environment.
STRAIN RELIEF
6. Procedure
12. Significance and Use
6.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual test meth-
ods, test the specimens in the Standard Laboratory Atmosphere
12.1 The strain relief test gives an indication of the dimen-
23 6 2°C, 50 6 5 % R.H. prescribed in Practice D 6054.
sional changes that may occur when a film is exposed to
elevated temperatures during a manufacturing process or while
THICKNESS
in service.
7. Significance and Use
13. Apparatus
7.1 The determination of film thickness is frequently nec-
13.1 Ovens, shall be of a forced-convection type capable of
essary to ensure (1) the satisfactory production of electrical
maintaining the specified temperature 6 5°C.
equipment, and (2) the maintenance of desired electrical
13.2 Scale, graduated in 0.25-mm (0.01-in.) divisions with a
properties of the film during the use of the electrical equip-
total length of at least 300 mm (12 in.).
ment. Some properties, such as dielectric strengths, vary with
the thickness of the material; other properties, such as permit-
14. Test Specimen
tivity, cannot be calculated without a proper determination of
14.1 Prepare test specimens 25 mm (1 in.) wide and at least
thickness unless special techniques are used.
300 mm (12 in.) long. When sheets or rolls are greater than 300
8. Procedure mm wide, also cut specimens in the transverse direction.
8.1 Use Method C of Test Methods D 374 for this measure-
15. Conditioning
ment, with the apparatus modified as follows: Use a presser
15.1 Condition test specimens in accordance with Section 6
foot of 6.25 6 0.05 mm (250 6 1 mil) diameter, and an anvil
before the initial and final measurements are made.
surface, upon which the specimen rests, of at least 50-mm
(2-in.) diameter. Apply a force of 0.84 6 0.2N(3 6 0.75) ozf
16. Procedure
to the specimen. Take ten measurements, equally spaced
16.1 Mark gage lines on five specimens approximately 25
throughout the specimen.
mm (1 in.) in from the ends of the specimen at a gage distance
9. Report
of 250 mm (10.0 in.). Determine the initial gage distance by
measuring both edges of each specimen. Hang the specimen
9.1 Report the average, maximum, and minimum thick-
freely in the oven at the time and temperature specified for the
nesses to the nearest 0.5 μm (0.02 mil) for specimens thinner
material. Determine the final gage distance by measurement
than 50 μm (2 mils) and to the nearest 1 μm (0.04 mil) for
after conditioning.
specimens 50 μm (2 mils) or more in thickness.
16.1.1 Use a marking technique that does not affect the
10. Precision and Bias
properties or dimensions of the material.
10.1 Precision—A formal round robin test in accordance 16.1.2 Adjust the air flow in the oven so that the specimens
with Practice E 691 has not been conducted. Persons familiar do not whip.
D 2305
17. Calculation comparable. In many cases, a change in electrode size can make a
significant difference in test results. Take care to keep electrodes parallel,
17.1 Calculate the liner dimensional change as follows:
clean, and free of pits.
Linear change, % 5 @~D 2 D !/D # 3 100 (1)
t v v
22. Test Specimen
where:
22.1 Test clean specimens only. Surface contamination can
D 5 final dimensions, in. (mm), and
t form dents when the electrodes are applied to the specimen or
D 5 original dimension, in. (mm).
v can alter the electrical field pattern, or both, to give erroneous
A negative value denotes shrinkage, and a positive value
results.
indicates expansion.
NOTE 3—To help prevent the specimen from becoming contaminated
17.2 Average the values obtained for each direction.
during the test, it is recommended that the tests be made in a clean,
air-conditioned room supplied with filtered air.
18. Report
23. Procedure
18.1 Report the following information:
18.1.1 Identification of the material tested,
23.1 Determine the dielectric breakdown voltage in air and
18.1.2 Test conditions (time and temperature), including the
dielectric strength in accordance with Test Method D 149, and
conditioning of the test specimens,
in accordance with the applicable sections of this test method.
18.1.3 Average percentage linear change and maximum
Unless otherwise specified, make ten breakdown measure-
deviations, in both machine and transverse directions of the
ments, equally spaced throughout the specimen.
film, and
NOTE 4—When testing films in a medium other than air, different
18.1.4 Any curl at the edges or other visual defects.
results may be obtained.
19. Precision and Bias (Warning—Lethal voltages are a potential hazard during
the performance of this test. It is essential that the test
19.1 Precision—This test method has been in use for many
apparatus, and all associated equipment electrically connected
years, but no information has been presented to ASTM upon
to it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation.
which to base a statement of precision. No activity has been
Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it is
planned to develop such information.
possible for a person to contact during the test. Provide means
19.2 Bias—This test method has no bias because the value
for use at the completion of any test to ground any parts which
for strain relief is determined solely in terms of this test method
were at high voltage during the test or have the potential for
itself.
acquiring an induced charge during the test or retaining a
DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE AND
charge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thor-
DIELECTRIC STRENGTH oughly instruct all operators as to the correct procedures for
performing tests safely. When making high voltage tests,
20. Significance and Use
particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it is possible for the
20.1 The dielectric breakdown voltage and dielectric
energy released at breakdown to be suffıcient to result in fire,
strength of a film is an indication of its ability to withstand
explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-
electric stress. This value should be used primarily as an
ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the
indication of quality and for comparison of different lots or
possibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility
types of the same material. Secondarily, this value may be
of personal injury. If the potential for fire exists, have fire
useful as a design criterion, particularly when considering short
suppression equipment available.)
term exposures, providing that sufficient experience has been
24. Application of Voltage
gained to give an adequate correlation between this test and the
24.1 Unless otherwise specified, use the short-time test
proposed end uses.
method with a rate of rise of 500 V/s.
20.2 Unless special precautions are taken, these test results
may be just a measure of the quality of the electrode surfaces
25. Report
and the electrical apparatus. This is especially true with thinner
25.1 Unless otherwise specified, report the following infor-
films.
mation:
20.3 For further details on the significance of this test, refer
25.1.1 Average breakdown voltage,
to Test Method D 149.
25.1.2 Average thickness of breakdown specimens,
25.1.3 Average, maximum, and minimum dielectric strength
21. Apparatus
(optional),
21.1 Use apparatus that conforms to that specified in Test
25.1.4 Ambient medium and ambient condition,
Method D 149, including the 25-mm (1-in.) diameter elec-
25.1.5 Conditioning of specimens,
trodes described therein. As an exception, the 6.4-mm ( ⁄4-in.)
25.1.6 Rate of voltage increase, and
diameter electrodes are permitted where only narrow tape is
25.1.7 Size and material of electrodes used.
available; and note such exceptions in the report. For further
SURFACE RESISTIVITY
details on electrodes refer to the electrode section of Test
Method D 149.
26. Significance and Use
NOTE 2—Tests made with different size electrodes are not necessarily 26.1 Surface resistivity is of value for determining the
D 2305
suit
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