ASTM E2863-12
(Practice)Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Welded Steel Sphere Pressure Vessels Using Thermal Pressurization
Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Examination of Welded Steel Sphere Pressure Vessels Using Thermal Pressurization
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Because of safety considerations, regulatory agencies (for example, U.S. Department of Transportation) require periodic tests of pressurized vessels used in commercial aviation. (see Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations). AE esting has become accepted as an alternative to the common hydrostatic proof test.
An AE test should not be conducted for a period of one year after a common hydrostatic test. See Note 1.
Note 1—The Kaiser effect relates to the irreversibility of acoustic emission which results in decreased emission during a second pressurization. Common hydrostatic tests use a relatively high test pressure (200 % of normal service pressure). (See Section 49, Code of Federal Regulations.) If an AE test is performed too soon after such a hydrostatic pressurization, the AE results will be insensitive below the previous maximum test pressure.
Acoustic Emission is produced when an increasing stress level in a material causes crack growth in the material or stress related effects in a corroded surface (for example, crack growth in or between metal crystallites or spalling and cracking of oxides and other corrosion products).
While background noise may distort AE data or render it useless, heating the vessels inside an industrial oven is an almost noise free method of pressurization. Further, source location algorithms using over-determined data sets will often allow valid tests in the presence of otherwise interfering noise sources. Background noise should be reduced or controlled but the sudden occurrence of such noise does not necessarily invalidate a test.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is commonly used for periodic inspection and testing of welded steel gaseous spheres (bottles) is the acoustic emission (AE) method. AE is used in place of hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing. The periodic inspection and testing of bottles by AE testing is achieved without depressurization or contamination as is required for hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing.
1.2 The required test pressurization is achieved by heating the bottle in an industrial oven designed for this purpose. The maximum temperature needed to achieve the AE test pressure is ≤250°F (121°C).
1.3 AE monitoring of the bottle is performed with multiple sensors during the thermal pressurization.
1.4 This practice was developed for periodic inspection and testing of pressure vessels containing Halon (UN 1044), which is commonly used aboard commercial aircraft for fire suppression. In commercial aircraft, these bottles are hermetically sealed by welding in the fill port. Exit ports are opened by explosively activated burst disks. The usage of these pressure vessels in transportation is regulated under US Department of Transportation (DOT), Code of Federal Regulations CFR 49. A DOT special permit authorizes the use of AE testing for periodic inspection and testing in place of volumetric expansion and visual inspection. These bottles are spherical with diameters ranging from 5 to 16 in. (127 to 406 mm).
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
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Designation: E2863 − 12
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Welded Steel Sphere
1
Pressure Vessels Using Thermal Pressurization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Section 8.
1.1 This practice is commonly used for periodic inspection
and testing of welded steel gaseous spheres (bottles) is the
2. Referenced Documents
acoustic emission (AE) method. AE is used in place of
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing. The periodic inspec-
E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
tion and testing of bottles by AE testing is achieved without
Testing
depressurizationorcontaminationasisrequiredforhydrostatic
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission
volumetric expansion testing.
Sensors
1.2 The required test pressurization is achieved by heating
E976 GuideforDeterminingtheReproducibilityofAcoustic
the bottle in an industrial oven designed for this purpose. The
Emission Sensor Response
maximum temperature needed to achieve the AE test pressure
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
is ≤250°F (121°C).
E2075 Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor
1.3 AE monitoring of the bottle is performed with multiple
Response Using an Acrylic Rod
sensors during the thermal pressurization.
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance
Verification
1.4 This practice was developed for periodic inspection and
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
testing of pressure vessels containing Halon (UN 1044), which
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive
is commonly used aboard commercial aircraft for fire suppres-
Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
sion. In commercial aircraft, these bottles are hermetically
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
sealed by welding in the fill port. Exit ports are opened by
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
explosively activated burst disks. The usage of these pressure
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
vessels in transportation is regulated under US Department of
Section 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materi-
Transportation(DOT),CodeofFederalRegulationsCFR 49.A
als Regulations of the Department of Transportation,
DOT special permit authorizes the use of AE testing for
4
Paragraphs 173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
periodic inspection and testing in place of volumetric expan-
sion and visual inspection. These bottles are spherical with 2.4 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
diameters ranging from 5 to 16 in. (127 to 406 mm). Pamphlet C-5 Service Life, Seamless High Pressure Cylin-
5
ders
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
asthestandard.Thevaluesgiveninparenthesesaremathemati-
3. Terminology
cal conversions to SI units that are provided for information
3.1 Definitions—See Terminology E1316 for general termi-
only and are not considered standard.
nology applicable to this test method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
3
AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 on AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Acoustic Emission Method. 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally www.access.gpo.gov.
5
approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2863 - 11. Available from Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th
DOI:10.1520/E2863-12. Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151-2923, http://www.cganet.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2863–11 Designation:E2863–12
Standard Practice for
Acoustic Emission Examination of Welded Steel Sphere
1
Pressure Vessels Using Thermal Pressurization
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is commonly used for periodic inspection and testing of welded steel gaseous spheres (bottles) is the acoustic
emission (AE) method. AE is used in place of hydrostatic volumetric expansion testing. The periodic inspection and testing of
bottles by AE testing is achieved without depressurization or contamination as is required for hydrostatic volumetric expansion
testing.
1.2 The required test pressurization is achieved by heating the bottle in an industrial oven designed for this purpose. The
maximum temperature needed to achieve the AE test pressure is#250°F (121°C).
1.3 AE monitoring of the bottle is performed with multiple sensors during the thermal pressurization.
1.4 This practice was developed for periodic inspection and testing of pressure vessels containing Halon (UN 1044), which is
commonly used aboard commercial aircraft for fire suppression. In commercial aircraft, these bottles are hermetically sealed by
welding in the fill port. Exit ports are opened by explosively activated burst disks. The usage of these pressure vessels in
transportation is regulated under US Department of Transportation (DOT), Code of Federal Regulations CFR 49. A DOT special
permit authorizes the use ofAE testing for periodic inspection and testing in place of volumetric expansion and visual inspection.
These bottles are spherical with diameters ranging from 5 to 16 in. (127 to 406 mm).
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
E650 Guide for Mounting Piezoelectric Acoustic Emission Sensors
E976 Guide for Determining the Reproducibility of Acoustic Emission Sensor Response
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2075 Practice for Verifying the Consistency of AE-Sensor Response Using an Acrylic Rod
E2374 Guide for Acoustic Emission System Performance Verification
3
2.2 ASNT Standards:
SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
ANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
2.3 Code of Federal Regulations:
Section 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Hazardous Materials Regulations of the Department of Transportation, Paragraphs
4
173.34, 173.301, 178.36, 178.37, and 178.45
2.4 Compressed Gas Association Standard:
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E07 on NondestructiveTesting and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.04 onAcoustic Emission
Method.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2011. Published January 2012. DOI:10.1520/E2863-11.
Current edition approved June 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approved in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2863 - 11. DOI:10.1520/E2863-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org.
4
Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http://
www.access.gpo.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Cons
...
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