ASTM E2422-11

Standard Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings

SCOPE
1.1 These digital reference images illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities that may be found in aluminum-alloy castings. The castings illustrated are in thicknesses of 1/ 4 in. [6.35 mm] and 3/4 in. [19.1mm].
1.2 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.4 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in aluminum-alloy castings when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of aluminum-alloy castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E 155.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.Note 1
The set of digital reference images consists of 13 digital files, software to load the desired format and specific instructions on the loading process. The 13 reference images illustrate eight grades of severity and contain an image of a step wedge and two line pair gauges. Refer to Practice E 2002 for line pair gauge details.Note 2
Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magnesium die castings up to 1 in. [25 mm] in thickness are contained in Reference Radiographs E 505.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 77.150.10 - Aluminium products
• Technical Committee: E07 - Nondestructive Testing
• Drafting Committee: E07.02 - Reference Radiological Images

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2422-05 - Standard Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3327/E3327M-21 - Standard Guide for the Qualification and Control of the Assisted Defect Recognition of Digital Radiographic Test Data
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B969/B969M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Castings Produced by Squeeze Casting, and the Semi-Solid Thixocast and Rheocast Casting Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B618/B618M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Investment Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B26/B26M-18e1 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B108/B108M-19 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Permanent Mold Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2736-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2007-10(2023) - Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B686/B686M-18 - Standard Specification for Aluminum Alloy Castings, High-Strength
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM B955/B955M-18 - Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Centrifugal Castings
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2422 − 11
Standard Digital Reference Images for
1
Inspection of Aluminum Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 These digital reference images illustrate the types and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
degreesofdiscontinuitiesthatmaybefoundinaluminum-alloy E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum
1
and Magnesium Castings
castings. The castings illustrated are in thicknesses of ⁄4 in.
3
(6.35 mm) and ⁄4 in. (19.1mm). E505 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum
and Magnesium Die Castings
1.2 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
between the cognizant engineering organization and the
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in
supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering
Radiology
organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase
E2446 Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology
order or the contract.
Systems
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digi-
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
tal Detector Arrays
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3
2.2 SMPTE Practice:
and are not considered standard.
RP133 SMPTE Recommended Practice Specifications for
1.4 These digital reference images are not intended to
Medical Diagnostic Imaging Test Pattern for Television
illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in Monitors and Hard-Copy Recording Cameras
aluminum-alloy castings when performing film radiography. If
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
performing film radiography of aluminum-alloy castings, refer
Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum
4
to Reference Radiographs E155.
Castings
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms used in this standard
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
may be found in Terminology E1316.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.6 Onlylicensedcopiesofthesoftwareandimagesshallbe
3.2.1 The terms relating to discontinuities used in these
utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User
digital reference images are described based upon radiographic
license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.
appearance.
NOTE 1—The set of digital reference images consists of 13 digital files,
3.2.2 aliasing—artifacts that appear in an image when the
softwaretoloadthedesiredformatandspecificinstructionsontheloading
spatial frequency of the input is higher than the output is
process. The 13 reference images illustrate eight grades of severity and
capable of reproducing. This will often appear as jagged or
containanimageofastepwedgeandtwolinepairgauges.Availablefrom
stepped sections in a line or as moiré patterns.
ASTM International Headquarters, Order No: RRE02422. Refer to
Practice E2002 for line pair gauge details.
3.2.3 contrast normalization—the adjustment of contrast
NOTE 2—Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magne-
between the production image and the reference image that
sium die castings up to 1 in. (25 mm) in thickness are contained in
Reference Radiographs E505.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde- Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on the ASTM website.
3
Reference Radiological Images. Available from Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 3 Barker
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally Avenue White Plains, NY 10601; or http://www.smpte.org/smpte_store/
4
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2422 - 05. DOI: Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Reference Radio-
10.1520/E2422-11. graph No. RRE2422.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E2422–05 Designation:E2422–11
Standard Digital Reference Images for
1
Inspection of Aluminum Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 These digital reference images illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities that may be found in aluminum-alloy
1 3 3
castings. The castings illustrated are in thicknesses of ⁄4 in. [6.35 mm] and ⁄4 in. [19.1mm]. in. (6.35 mm) and ⁄4 in. (19.1mm).
1.2 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or
specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the
contract.
1.3The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 Thesedigitalreferenceimagesarenotintendedtoillustratethetypesanddegreesofdiscontinuitiesfoundinaluminum-alloy
castings when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of aluminum-alloy castings, refer to Reference
Radiographs E155.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User
license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.
NOTE 1—The set of digital reference images consists of 13 digital files, software to load the desired format and specific instructions on the loading
process.The 13 reference images illustrate eight grades of severity and contain an image of a step wedge and two line pair gauges.Available fromASTM
International Headquarters, Order No: RRE02422. Refer to Practice E2002 for line pair gauge details.
NOTE 2—Reference radiographs applicable to aluminum and magnesium die castings up to 1 in. [25 mm](25 mm) in thickness are contained in
Reference Radiographs E505.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination ASTM Standards:
E155 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
E505 Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in
Radiology
E2446 Practice for Classification of Computed Radiology Systems
E2597 Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
3
2.2 SMPTE Practice:
RP133 SMPTERecommendedPracticeSpecificationsforMedicalDiagnosticImagingTestPatternforTelevisionMonitorsand
Hard-Copy Recording Cameras
2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:
1
This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.02 on Reference
Radiological Images.
Current edition approved October 1, 2005. Published November 2005. DOI: 10.1520/E2422-05.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originally approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E2422 - 05. DOI:
10.1520/E2422-11.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, 3 Barker Avenue White Plains, NY 10601; or http://www.smpte.org/smpte_store/
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E2422–11
4
Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
3. Te
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