ASTM E2073-19a

Standard Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 To assess how photoluminescent markings perform under identical test conditions, the luminance shall be measured in accordance with this test method (see Specification E2072).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the photopic luminance of photoluminescent (phosphorescent) markings. It does not cover scotopic or mesopic measurements.  
1.2 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence in the text of this test method, it implies phosphorescence.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2019
• ICS: 13.100 - Occupational safety. Industrial hygiene
• Technical Committee: E12 - Color and Appearance
• Drafting Committee: E12.13 - Photoluminescent Safety Markings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2073-19 - Standard Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1316-24 - Standard Terminology for <?Pub Dtl?>Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM E1316-19b - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1316-19 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2019
• Refers: ASTM E1316-18 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2018
• Refers: ASTM E1316-17a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2017
• Refers: ASTM E308-17 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
• Effective Date: 01-May-2017
• Refers: ASTM E1316-17 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2017
• Refers: ASTM E1316-16a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2016
• Refers: ASTM E1316-16 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2016
• Refers: ASTM E1316-15a - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2015
• Refers: ASTM E1316-15 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM E308-15 - Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM E1316-14e1 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014
• Refers: ASTM E1316-14 - Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2014

Overview

ASTM E2073-19a: Standard Test Method for Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Markings establishes a precise procedure for measuring the visible luminance (brightness) emitted by photoluminescent, or phosphorescent, safety markings. This method focuses exclusively on photopic luminance, which pertains to human visual perception under well-lit conditions, and does not extend to scotopic (low light) or mesopic (intermediate light) environments.

Developed by ASTM International to align with globally recognized principles of standardization, this standard provides a consistent process for evaluating how different photoluminescent safety markings perform under uniform and controlled laboratory conditions. The test results are used to verify compliance with safety codes and to ensure the reliability of markings used in critical egress, signage, or hazard identification applications.

Key Topics

• Photopic Luminance Measurement: The method specifies photometric equipment requirements, including calibrated illuminance meters and luminance meters, to ensure accurate and repeatable measurements.
• Applicability to Phosphorescent Materials: The standard applies to markings that emit visible light after exposure to an activating light source, often used for emergency and safety visibility.
• Standardized Test Conditions: Procedures for sample conditioning, activation with fluorescent or LED light sources, environmental controls (temperature, humidity, and ambient lighting), and consistent sample sizing.
• Sampling and Reporting: Guidance on representative sampling, random specimen selection, and detailed reporting to ensure traceability and compliance verification.
• Precision and Repeatability: Interlaboratory studies validate the method’s precision and define repeatability and reproducibility parameters for laboratory-to-laboratory correlation.

Applications

ASTM E2073-19a is widely used across industries where safety and regulatory compliance are paramount. Typical applications include:

• Emergency Egress Pathways: Assessing photoluminescent markers used in stairwells, corridors, and exits to ensure visibility during power outages or smoky conditions.
• Fire Safety Signage: Verifying the luminance of signs designed to be visible without external power sources.
• Transportation Facilities: Testing floor markings and signs in tunnels, subway stations, ships, and aircraft to ensure clear, visible escape routes.
• Building Code Compliance: Demonstrating compliance with regulations such as those from the NFPA and International Building Code which mandate minimum luminance requirements for safety markings.
• Product Development and Quality Assurance: Supporting manufacturers in product validation, lot verification, and ongoing quality control for photoluminescent materials.

Related Standards

• ASTM E2072: Specifies the characteristics for photoluminescent safety markings, often referenced for compliance and compatibility with E2073 tests.
• ASTM E308: Provides methods for computing object colors by the CIE system, relevant for instrument calibration and spectral considerations.
• ASTM E284 & E1316: Terminology standards on color, appearance, and nondestructive examinations to ensure consistent language and interpretation within the industry.
• CIE Publication No. 69: International guidelines for the characterization and performance of illuminance and luminance meters.
• NFPA 101 & 5000, International Building Code, International Fire Code: Regulatory codes that reference ASTM E2073 for photoluminescent material performance in safety-critical environments.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM E2073-19a delivers measurable value by:

• Establishing reliable, repeatable test methods for product certification and regulatory compliance.
• Enhancing life safety in buildings and transportation environments by ensuring markings are visible under emergency conditions.
• Supporting international trade by harmonizing testing procedures and reporting formats, thereby facilitating product acceptance in multiple markets.

Keywords: ASTM E2073-19a, photopic luminance, photoluminescent markings, phosphorescent safety markings, luminance measurement, emergency signage, safety standards, building code compliance.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2073 − 19a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent)
Markings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 Other Standards:
Publication CIE No. 69 (1987) Methods of characterizing
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the
illuminance meters and luminance meters; Performance,
photopic luminance of photoluminescent (phosphorescent)
characteristics and specifications
markings.Itdoesnotcoverscotopicormesopicmeasurements.
1.2 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence 3. Terminology
in the text of this test method, it implies phosphorescence.
3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 and Termi-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded nology E1316 are applicable to this specification.
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
4. Significance and Use
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
and are not considered standard.
4.1 To assess how photoluminescent markings perform
under identical test conditions, the luminance shall be mea-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sured in accordance with this test method (see Specification
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
E2072).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
5. Apparatus
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.1 Illuminance Meter—To measure the illumination of the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
activating light source on the surface of the photoluminescent
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
marking, use an illuminance meter calibrated to measure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- illuminance in fc (lux), with the following features: spectral
error, f ', ≤5 %; UV response, u, ≤0.5 %; resolution 1.0 lux;
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. and linearity error, f , ≤0.5 % (see Publication CIE No. 69).
5.2 Luminance Meter—To measure the photopic luminance
2. Referenced Documents
of photoluminescent markings, use a luminance meter with the
2.1 ASTM Standards: following minimum features (see Publication CIE No. 69):
E284 Terminology of Appearance spectral error, f ', ≤5 %; UV response, u, ≤0.5 %; resolution at
E308 PracticeforComputingtheColorsofObjectsbyUsing least 0.1 mcd/m ; linearity error, f , ≤0.5 %; signal-to-noise-
ratio: at least 10:1 for all measurements. The instrument shall
the CIE System
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations have been calibrated within the preceding 12 months using
photometric standards traceable to a national standards insti-
E2072 Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent)
Safety Markings tute.
6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color 6.1 Method of Sampling—Take a minimum of three
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.13 on
samples. Each sample shall be of a minimum size of at least
Photoluminescent Safety Markings.
1 ⁄4-in. (45-mm) in diameter. Select samples at random. If a
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
manufacturer,samplesshallberepresentativeoftheproduction
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E2073 – 19. DOI:
10.1520/E2073-19a.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on on Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond
the ASTM website. St., Salem, MA 01970, http://www.cie-usnc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2073 − 19a
lot, coded and identified to correspond to production batch field-mixed/field-applied paints/coatings describe sample
codes, and shall be numbered consecutively. Field-mixed/field- preparation requirements based on manufacturer’s preparation
applied paints/coatings shall be applied by the testing labora- andapplicationinstructions(primerifanywasapplied,number
tory in compliance with the manufacturer’s preparation and of paint/coating layers applied, wet (if required)/dry coat
application instructions, which have to include, but shall not be thickness accomplished),
limited to, primers if required, layers needed, and wet (if 9.1.4 Beginning and end of conditioning: (fill in days and
required) and dry coat thicknesses, as luminance of the time),
photoluminescent paint/coating is dependent on these factors. 9.1.5 Date of measurement,
9.1.6 Instrument parameters and photometer serial number,
7. Conditioning
9.1.7 Activation: (fill in minutes, type of activating light
source, illuminance in fc (lux)),
7.1 Precondition all test specimens by placing them in
9.1.8 Ambient temperature and relative humidity,
complete darkness until their residual luminance has fallen to
9.1.9 Photopic luminance measurement results in reference
0.3 mcd/m or less, tested utilizing the luminance meter
to 8.4,
specified under 5.2. Remove them immediately before per-
9.1.10 List separately for all test specimens,
forming the tests. No ambient or stray light shall be present.
9.1.11 Luminance in mcd/m 10 min after activation has
ceased,
8. Procedure
9.1.12 Luminance in mcd/m 60 min after activation has
8.1 Ambient Conditions—The ambient temperature during
ceased,
darkness preconditioning of specimens, activation and lumi-
9.1.13 Luminance in mcd/m 90 min after activation has
nance testing shall be 77 6 5°F (25 6 3°C). The relative
ceased,
humidity shall not exceed 60 %.All luminance testing shall be
9.1.14 Test performed by: (person’s name, title), and
performed in a room whose ambient light level is such that the
9.1.15 Signature: ____; at: (describe test location) and
luminance of a white diffuse reflectance standard is at least one
company performing test: (full name, address, phone, fax).
decade lower than the lowest test specimen luminance mea-
surement to be recorded.
10. Precision and Bias
8.2 Preparation of Apparatus—The luminance meter shall
10.1 Precision: Interlaboratory Test Program—An inter-
be zeroed prior to every measurement, then checked immedi-
laboratory round robin testing was conducted in 2005 and
ately after the measurement and the measurement shall be
2006, using three photoluminescent product samples. Eight
rejected if the zero drifted by more than 5 % of the measured
laboratories participated by taking one measurement each of
value. The distance between the luminance meter and the
samples A and B, and by taking two measurements of sample
measured test specimen, and also the aperture angle of the
C.
luminance meter, shall be chosen in such a way that 1 ⁄16-in.
10.1.1 The samples were activated using an unfiltered
(30-mm) diameter of the photoluminescent test specimen,
fluorescent cool white source of light, 40Wor less, in the 4000
which is of at least 1 ⁄4-in. (45-mm) diameter, is evaluated.
to 4500 K range, providing an illumination of 21.6 lux (2 fc)
for 60 min at the sample surface.
8.3 Activation—Activate the photoluminescent marking
specimens for 60 min (610 s), providing an illumination of 1 10.1.2 The 10-min, 60-min, and 90-min values were re-
fc (10.8 lux) 61 % on the marking surface. Use one of the corded. The details of the design of the experiment and the
analysis of the full data are given in ASTM Research Report
following light sources:
(1) An unfiltered fluorescent cool white source of light RR:E12:1003.
having a spectral power distribution similar to cool white F2 as
10.2 Test Results—The precision information given in Table
described in Practice E308 Table 4, of 40 W or less, with a
1, Table 2, and Table 3 is based on eight laboratories, three
correlated color temperature ranging from 4000 to 4500 K.
(2) LED – any lamp configuration, 4000 – 4500 K color
temperature, seasoned for minimum 2 hr.
TABLE 1 Afterglow Luminance Values (mcd/m ) after 10 Minutes
8.4 Luminance—Measure the photopic luminance of all Material Average S S rR
r R
A 15.571 . 1.690 . 4.732
specimens of the photoluminescent marking with a luminance
B 17.357 . 1.583 . 4.433
meter as described in 5.2 after 10 min 610 s and 60 min 610
C 62.293 1.718 8.612 4.810 24.113
s and 90 min 610 s.
9. Report
different materials and one measurement for three time inter-
9.1 Report the following information:
vals. Sample C alone was tested in duplicate.
9.1.1 Tested in accordance with ASTM Standard ____
10.3 Concept of r (Repeatability) and R
Issue: ____,
(Reproducibility)—If S and S have been calculated from a
r R
9.1.2 Manufacturer of tested photoluminescent marking:
(Name, Address, Phone, Fax),
9.1.3 Specimen description: (clear item identification to
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
make specimens traceable to manufacturer’s data sheets). For be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:E12-1003.
E2073 − 19a
TABLE 2 Afterglow Luminance Values (mcd/m )aft
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2073 − 19 E2073 − 19a An American National Standard
Standard Test Method for
Photopic Luminance of Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent)
Markings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2073; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the photopic luminance of photoluminescent (phosphorescent)
markings. It does not cover scotopic or mesopic measurements.
1.2 When reference is made regarding photoluminescence in the text of this test method, it implies phosphorescence.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E284 Terminology of Appearance
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E2072 Specification for Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety Markings
2.2 Other Standards:
Publication CIE No. 69 (1987) Methods of characterizing illuminance meters and luminance meters; Performance,
characteristics and specifications
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of terms in Terminology E284 and Terminology E1316 are applicable to this specification.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 To assess how photoluminescent markings perform under identical test conditions, the luminance shall be measured in
accordance with this test method (see Specification E2072).
5. Apparatus
5.1 Illuminance Meter—To measure the illumination of the activating light source on the surface of the photoluminescent
marking, use an illuminance meter calibrated to measure illuminance in fc (lux), with the following features: spectral error, f ',
≤5 %; UV response, u, ≤0.5 %; resolution 1.0 lux; and linearity error, f , ≤0.5 % (see Publication CIE No. 69).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.13 on
Photoluminescent Safety Markings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019Nov. 1, 2019. Published May 2019November 2019. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20102019 as
E2073 – 10E2073 – 19. which was withdrawn January 2019 and reinstated in May 2019. DOI: 10.1520/E2073-19.DOI: 10.1520/E2073-19a.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from U.S. National Committee of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination), C/o Thomas M. Lemons, TLA-Lighting Consultants, Inc., 7 Pond St.,
Salem, MA 01970, http://www.cie-usnc.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2073 − 19a
5.2 Luminance Meter—To measure the photopic luminance of photoluminescent markings, use a luminance meter with the
following minimum features (see Publication CIE No. 69): spectral error, f ', ≤5 %; UV response, u, ≤0.5 %; resolution at least
0.1 mcd/m ; linearity error, f , ≤0.5 %; signal-to-noise-ratio: at least 10:1 for all measurements. The instrument shall have been
calibrated within the preceding 12 months using photometric standards traceable to a national standards institute.
6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
6.1 Method of Sampling—Take a minimum of three samples. Each sample shall be of a minimum size of at least 1 ⁄4-in.
(45-mm) in diameter. Select samples at random. If a manufacturer, samples shall be representative of the production lot, coded and
identified to correspond to production batch codes, and shall be numbered consecutively. Field-mixed/field-applied paints/coatings
shall be applied by the testing laboratory in compliance with the manufacturer’s preparation and application instructions, which
have to include, but shall not be limited to, primers if required, layers needed, and wet (if required) and dry coat thicknesses, as
luminance of the photoluminescent paint/coating is dependent on these factors.
7. Conditioning
7.1 Precondition all test specimens by placing them in complete darkness until their residual luminance has fallen to 0.3 mcd/m
or less, tested utilizing the luminance meter specified under 5.2. Remove them immediately before performing the tests. No
ambient or stray light shall be present.
8. Procedure
8.1 Ambient Conditions—The ambient temperature during darkness preconditioning of specimens, activation and luminance
testing shall be 77 6 5°F (25 6 3°C). The relative humidity shall not exceed 60 %. All luminance testing shall be performed in
a room whose ambient light level is such that the luminance of a white diffuse reflectance standard is at least one decade lower
than the lowest test specimen luminance measurement to be recorded.
8.2 Preparation of Apparatus—The luminance meter shall be zeroed prior to every measurement, then checked immediately
after the measurement and the measurement shall be rejected if the zero drifted by more than 5 % of the measured value. The
distance between the luminance meter and the measured test specimen, and also the aperture angle of the luminance meter, shall
5 3
be chosen in such a way that 1 ⁄16-in. (30-mm) diameter of the photoluminescent test specimen, which is of at least 1 ⁄4-in. (45-mm)
diameter, is evaluated.
8.3 Activation—Activate the photoluminescent marking specimens with an unfiltered fluorescent cool white source of light
having a spectral power distribution similar to cool white F2 as described in Practice E308 Table 4, of 40 W or less, with a
correlated color temperature ranging from 4000 to 4500 K for 60 min (610 s), providing an illumination of 1 fc (10.8 lux) 61 %
on the marking surface. The test specimen body temperature shall not exceed 86°F (30°C) 1 min after activation. No ambient or
stray light shall be present during activation. Measure the activation with an illuminance meter as described in Use one 5.1. Direct
illumination of marking surface is required and can be accomplished with a black baffling system, black screen mesh system or
by distance (see of the following light sources:Appendix X3).
(1) An unfiltered fluorescent cool white source of light having a spectral power distribution similar to cool white F2 as
described in Practice E308 Table 4, of 40 W or less, with a correlated color temperature ranging from 4000 to 4500 K.
(2) LED – any lamp configuration, 4000 – 4500 K color temperature, seasoned for minimum 2 hr.
8.4 Luminance—Measure the photopic luminance of all specimens of the photoluminescent marking with a luminance meter as
described in 5.2 after 10 min 610 s and 60 min 610 s and 90 min 610 s.
9. Report
9.1 Report the following information:
9.1.1 Tested in accordance with ASTM Standard ____ Issue: ____,
9.1.2 Manufacturer of tested photoluminescent marking: (Name, Address, Phone, Fax),
9.1.3 Specimen description: (clear item identification to make specimens traceable to manufacturer’s data sheets). For
field-mixed/field-applied paints/coatings describe sample preparation requirements based on manufacturer’s preparation and
application instructions (primer if any was applied, number of paint/coating layers applied, wet (if required)/dry coat thickness
accomplished),
9.1.4 Beginning and end of conditioning: (fill in days and time),
9.1.5 Date of measurement,
9.1.6 Instrument parameters and photometer serial number,
9.1.7 Activation: (fill in minutes, type of activating light source, illuminance in fc (lux)),
9.1.8 Ambient temperature and relative humidity,
9.1.9 Photopic luminance measurement results in reference to 8.4,
9.1.10 List separately for all test specimens,
9.1.11 Luminance in mcd/m 10 min after activation has ceased,
E2073 − 19a
9.1.12 Luminance in mcd/m 60 min after activation has ceased,
9.1.13 Luminance in mcd/m 90 min after activation has ceased,
9.1.14 Test performed by: (person’s name, title), and
9.1.15 Signature: ____; at: (describe test location) and company performing test: (full name, address, phone, fax).
10. Precision and Bias
10.1 Precision: Interlaboratory Test Program—An interlaboratory round robin testing was conducted in 2005 and 2006, using
three photoluminescent product samples. Eight laboratories participated by taking one measurement each of samples A and B, and
by taking two measurements of sample C.
10.1.1 The samples were activated using an unfiltered fluorescent cool white source of light, 40 W or less, in the 4000 to 4500
K range, providing an illumination of 21.6 lux (2 fc) for 60 min at the sample surface.
10.1.2 The 10-min, 60-min, and 90-min values were recorded. The details of the design of the experiment and the analysis of
the full data are given in ASTM Research Report RR:E12:1003.
10.2 Test Results—The precision information given in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 is based on eight laboratories, three different
TABLE 1 Afterglow Luminance Values (mcd/m ) after 10 Minutes
Material Average S S r R
r R
A 15.571 . 1.690 . 4.732
B 17.357 . 1.583 . 4.433
C 62.293 1.718 8.612 4.810 24.113
TABLE 2 Afterglow Lumin
...