ASTM C583-00
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated Temperatures
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high-temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or monolithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C 583–00
Standard Test Method for
Modulus of Rupture of Refractory Materials at Elevated
Temperatures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 583; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers determination of the high- 4.1 Use either an electrically heated or gas-fired furnace
temperature modulus of rupture of refractory brick or mono- (Note 1). A typical cross section of the furnace containing the
lithic refractories in an oxidizing atmosphere and under action bearing edges is shown in Fig. 1. At least one pair of lower
of a force or stress that is increased at a constant rate. bearing edges, made from volume-stable refractory material
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the (Note 2), shall be installed in the furnace on 5-in. (127-mm)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the centers. A thrust column, containing the top bearing edge that
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- is made from volume-stable refractory material, shall extend
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- outside the furnace where means are provided for applying a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. load. The lower bearing edges and the bearing end of the
support column shall have rounded bearing surfaces having
2. Referenced Documents
about a ⁄4-in. (6-mm) radius (Note 3). The lower bearing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
surfaces may be made adjustable, but must attain the standard
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Com- span of 5 6 ⁄32 in. (1276 2 mm). The length of the lower
parison Techniques
bearing surfaces shall exceed the specimen width by about ⁄4
in. The load shall be applied to the upper bearing edge by any
3. Significance and Use
suitablemeans.Instrumentationformeasuringtheloadshallbe
3.1 Measuring the modulus of rupture of refractories at
accurate to 1 lbf (4.45 N). The thrust column shall be
elevated temperatures has become a widely accepted means to
maintained in vertical alignment and all bearing surfaces
evaluate materials at service temperatures. Many consumer
parallel in both horizontal directions.
companies have specifications based on this type of test.
NOTE 1—The test furnace can be so constructed so that a number of
3.2 This test method is limited to furnaces operating under
specimens may be heated and tested at the same time. Bearing edges and
oxidizing conditions. However, with modifications for atmo-
loading devices may be provided for a number of individual specimens,
sphere control in other test furnaces, the major criteria of this
but a more practical method is to provide means to move individual
test procedure may be employed without change. specimens successively onto a single set of bearing edges for breaking.
The use of a separate holding furnace for specimens to be transferred into
3.3 This test method is designed for progressive application
the test furnace for breaking is also satisfactory.
of a force or stress on a specimen supported as a simple beam
NOTE 2—A minimum of 90 % alumina content is recommended as a
with center-point loading. Test apparatus designed for the
suitable refractory.
progressive application of a strain may yield different results,
NOTE 3—All bearing surfaces should be checked periodically to main-
especially since refractory materials will reach a semiplastic
tain a round surface.
state at elevated temperatures where Hooke’s law does not
4.2 It is recommended that the furnace temperature be
apply, that is, stress is then not proportional to strain.
controlled with calibrated platinum-rhodium/platinum thermo-
3.4 This test method applies to fired dense refractory brick
couples connected to a program-controller recorder (see
and shapes, chemically bonded brick and shapes, shapes
Method E 220). Temperature differential within the furnace
formed from castables, plastics, or ramming materials, and any
shall not be more than 6 20°F (11°C), but the controlling
other refractory that can be formed to the required specimen
thermocouple shall be placed within ⁄2 in. (13 mm) of the
dimension.
geometric center of a side face of the test specimen when
positioned on the bearing edges.
4.3 Furnace Atmosphere—Above a furnace temperature of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.01 on Strength. 1470°F (800°C), the furnace atmosphere shall contain a
Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2000. Published December 2000. Originally
minimum of 0.5 % oxygen with 0 % combustibles. Take the
published as C 583 – 65. Last previous edition C 583 – 80(1995).
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 583
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Typical Apparatus (Heating Means Not Shown)
NOTE 5—Maintaining specimens at test temperature for 3 h before load
atmosphere sample from the furnace chamber proper, prefer-
application is adequate for most compositions and temperatures of
ably as near the test specimen as possible.
interest. However, there may be certain compositions and temperatures
requiring additional holding time at temperature in order to obtain
5. Sampling
consistent results. Experience and use of the test procedure will aid in
5.1 The sample shall consist of five specimens, each taken
determining when exploratory testing is required to arrive at the holding
from five brick or shapes or from test specimens made from time necessary. If departure is made from the specified minimum time, the
holding time used will be included in the report of the results.
monolithic aggregate refractories.
7.1.2 Unburned or Chemically Bonded Refractory
6. Test Specimen
Products—The rate of heating from room temperature shall be
1 1
600°F (330°C)/h to 1800°F (980°C), and 200°F (110°C)/h
6.1 The standard test specimen shall be 1 6 ⁄32 by 1 6 ⁄32
from 1800°F to the test temperature. Maintain the test tem-
by approximately 6 in. (25 6 0.8 by 25 6 0.8 by approxi-
perature for a minimum of 12 h.
mately 152 mm). Note in the report if other specimen sizes are
7.2 Following the holding period, move the specimen to the
used. Specimens cut from brick shall have at least one original
supporting bearing edges. When possible, an original face of
brick surface. If cut from shapes, the specimens shall be taken
the specimen shall be used for the tension face, that is, the face
parallel to the longest dimension. For irregular shapes, all four
in contact with the two lower bearing edges. Apply the load
longsurfacesofthespecimenmaybecutfaces.Notethisinthe
parallel to the direction (if known) of pressing of the specimen.
report.
7.3 Control test temperature by the thermocouple that is
6.2 Opposi
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