ASTM D7688-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance on lubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life of engine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps and injectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in a diesel fuel.
5.2 The trend of HFRR test results to diesel injection system pump component distress due to wear has been demonstrated in pump rig tests for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is believed to be a factor in the operation of the component.5
5.3 The wear scar generated in the HFRR test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the temperature of the test fuel, and the ambient relative humidity. Lubricity evaluations are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquired during test fuel sampling and storage.
5.4 The HFRR and Scuffing Load Ball on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (SLBOCLE, Test Method D6078) are two methods for evaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation has been developed between the two test methods.
5.5 The HFRR may be used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under the prescribed test conditions. Correlation of HFRR test results with field performance of diesel fuel injection systems has not yet been determined.
5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundary lubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity in this test method are not totally eliminated, they are minimized.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lubricity of diesel fuels using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels, such as Grades No. 1-D S15, S500, and S5000, and Grades No. 2-D S15, S500, and S5000 diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can be used in diesel engines. This test method also is applicable to biodiesel blends. B5 was included in the round robin program that determined the precision statement.
Note 1: It is not known that this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is underway to establish this correlation and future revisions of this test method may be necessary once this work is complete.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D7688 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency
1
Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thistestmethodcoverstheevaluationofthelubricityof
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
diesel fuels using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels,
Petroleum Products
suchasGradesNo.1-DS15,S500,andS5000,andGradesNo.
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
2-D S15, S500, and S5000 diesel fuels, in accordance with
Petroleum Products
Specification D975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels
D4306Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
which can be used in diesel engines. This test method also is
Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
applicable to biodiesel blends. B5 was included in the round
D6078TestMethodforEvaluatingLubricityofDieselFuels
robin program that determined the precision statement.
by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evalua-
tor (SLBOCLE)
NOTE 1—It is not known that this test method will predict the
E18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
performance of all additive/fuel combinations.Additional work is under-
terials
way to establish this correlation and future revisions of this test method
may be necessary once this work is complete.
E92Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hard-
ness of Metallic Materials
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE-AMS 6440Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 1.45 Cr
standard.
(0.93-1.05C) (SAE 52100), for Bearing Applications
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ISO 3290Roller Bearings, Balls – Dimensions and toler-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ances
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
3.1 Definitions:
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.1 boundary lubrication, n—a condition in which the
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion are
determined by the properties of the surfaces and the properties
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical of the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Metal to metal contact occurs and the
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
chemistry of the system is involved. Physically adsorbed or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fuels. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
published in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7688–11 (2016). AvailablefromSAEInternational(SAE),400CommonwealthDr.,Warrendale,
DOI: 10.1520/D7688-18. PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
4
This test method was developed by ISO/TC22/SC7/WG6 and is a part of ISO Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
12156. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7688 − 18
chemically reacted soft films (usually very thin) support
contact loads. As a result, some wear is inevitable.
3.1.2 lubricity, n—a qualitative term describing the ability
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7688 − 11 (Reapproved 2016) D7688 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency
1
Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by Visual Observation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7688; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lubricity of diesel fuels using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR).
1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels, such as Grades No. 1-D S15, S500, and S5000, and Grades No. 2-D
S15, S500, and S5000 diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can be
used in diesel engines. This test method also is applicable to biodiesel blends. B5 was included in the round robin program that
determined the precision statement.
NOTE 1—It is not known that this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is underway to establish
this correlation and future revisions of this test method may be necessary once this work is complete.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicable applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator
(SLBOCLE)
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials
E92 Test Methods for Vickers Hardness and Knoop Hardness of Metallic Materials
3
2.2 SAE Standard:
SAE-AMS 6440 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 1.45 Cr (0.93-1.05C) (SAE 52100), for Bearing Applications
4
2.3 ISO Standard:
ISO 3290 Roller Bearings, Balls – Dimensions and tolerances
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved April 1, 2016Aug. 1, 2018. Published May 2016September 2018. Originally published in 2011. Last previous edition approved in 20112016 as
D7688 – 11.D7688 – 11 (2016). DOI: 10.1520/D7688-11R16.10.1520/D7688-18.
This test method was developed by ISO/TC22/SC7/WG6 and is a part of ISO 12156.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
4
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7688 − 18
3.1.1 boundary lubrication, n—a condition in which the friction and wear between two surfaces in relative motion are
determined by the properties of the surfaces and the properties of the contacting fluid, other than bulk viscosity.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
...
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