ASTM D6161-98

Standard Terminology Used for Crossflow Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers the use of crossflow microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for membrane separation processes.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-1998
• ICS: 01.040.17 - Metrology and measurement. Physical phenomena (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D19 - Water
• Drafting Committee: D19.08 - Membranes and Ion Exchange Materials

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D6161-05 - Standard Terminology Used for Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D5090-20 - Standard Practice for Standardizing Ultrafiltration Permeate Flow Performance Data
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D4012-23 - Standard Test Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Content of Microorganisms in Water
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E1732-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D8431-22 - Standard Test Method for Detection of Water-soluble Petroleum Oils by A-TEEM Optical Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7687-23 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Cellular Adenosine Triphosphate in Fuel and Fuel-associated Water With Sample Concentration by Filtration
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D4692-01(2017) - Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of Sulfate Scaling Salts (CaSO<inf >4</inf>, SrSO<inf>4</inf>, and BaSO<inf>4</inf>) for Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2882-19 - Standard Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug Laboratory Evidence
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D1193-06(2018) - Standard Specification for Reagent Water
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5615-21 - Standard Practice for Operating Characteristics of Home Reverse Osmosis Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D4194-23 - Standard Test Methods for Operating Characteristics of Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Devices
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM E2694-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Adenosine Triphosphate in Water-Miscible Metalworking Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5465-16(2020) - Standard Practices for Determining Microbial Colony Counts from Waters Analyzed by Plating Methods
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7285-06(2017) - Standard Guide for Recordkeeping Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D6908-06(2017) - Standard Practice for Integrity Testing of Water Filtration Membrane Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6161 – 98
Standard Terminology
Used for Crossflow Microfiltration, Ultrafiltration,
1
Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membrane Processes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6161; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the assumed or accepted true value, and includes both
precision and bias.
1.1 This terminology covers the use of crossflow microfil-
acetylation—substitution of an acetyl radical for an active
tration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for
hydrogen. Specifically, formation of cellulose acetate from
membrane separation processes.
cellulose.
2. Referenced Documents acidity—the quantitative capacity of aqueous media to react
with hydroxyl ions.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
activated carbon—granulated or powdered activated carbon
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
usedtoremovetastes,odor,chlorine,chloramines,andsome
D2035 Practice for Coagulation-Flocculation Jar Test of
3
organics from water. A family of carbonaceous substances
Water
manufactured by processes that develop adsorptive proper-
3. Significance and Use
ties.
adsorption—the holding of a substance onto the surface of a
3.1 The need to understand the relationships found in
solid by chemical surface forces, without forming new
membraneunitprocessesforwatertreatmentincreaseswiththe
chemical bonds.
continuing demand for these separation systems. Defining the
aerobic bacteria—bacteria that require oxygen for growth.
terms common to crossflow microfiltration, ultrafiltration,
See bacteria, aerobes.
nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes assist the manu-
aggregate—granular material such as sand, gravel, crushed
facturer, consultant and end-user in eliminating inter-process
stone.
terminology confusion.
air scour—distributing air over the entire filter area at the
4. Terminology
bottom of a filter media flowing upward to improve the
effectiveness of backwashing or to permit the use of lower
4.1 Definitions:
backwash water flow rate, or both.
absorption—the holding of a substance within a solid by
algae—any of a group of chiefly aquatic mono cellular plants
cohesive or capillary forces.
with chlorophyll often masked by a brown or red pigment.
accumulator—a pulsation dampener installed on the suction
alkalinity—thequantitativecapacityofaqueousmediatoreact
and/or discharge lines of pumps, generally plunger type, to
with hydrogen ions. “M” alkalinity is that which will react
minimize pressure surges and provide uniformity of flow.
with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to the
accuracy—the closeness of agreement between an observed
methylorange endpoint of about 4.5. “P” alkalinity is that
value and an accepted reference value. Where an accepted
which reacts with acid as the pH of the sample is reduced to
reference value is not available, a measure of the degree of
the phenolphthalein end point of 8.3.“ M” is the total
conformity of a value generated by a specific procedure to
alkalinity which is the sum of hydroxide plus carbonate plus
bicarbonate contents, “P” includes all the hydroxyl and half
the carbonate content.
alum—aluminum sulfate, AL (SO ) XH O (X = 14-18), a
1
2 4 3 2
This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D-19 onWater
coagulant.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion
Exchange Materials.
ambient temperature—the temperature of the surroundings,
CurrenteditionapprovedMarch10,1998.PublishedDecember1998.Originally
typically 20°– 25°C.
published as D 6161 – 97. Last previous edition D 6161–97.
2 amorphous—non crystalline, devoid of regular cohesive
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02. structure.
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D6161–98
anaerobicbacteria—bacteria that do not use oxygen. Oxygen dispersed in soil, water, organic matter, and the bodies of
is toxic to them. See bacteria, anaerobes. plants and animals. Either autotrophic (self-sustaining, self-
amphoteric—capable of acting as an acid or a base. generative), saprophytic (derives nutrition from non-living
−10 −4
angstrom (A)—a unit of length equaling 10 metres, 10 µ organic material already present in the environment), or
−8 −9
metres, 10 centimetres and 3.937 3 10 in. The symbol parasitic (deriving nutrition from another living organism).
is Å, A or A.U. . Often symbiotic (advantageous) in man, but sometimes
anion—negatively charged ion. pathogenic
...