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ASTM E2378-05

(Practice)

Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property

Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Systematic depreciation of property generally serves to provide a fair presentation of an entity’s property and financial records for decision makers. Keeping fully depreciated items on the asset records and property management records when they no longer are used as originally intended may be misleading to decision makers and may result in excessive operating cost. Retiring items to administrative control when appropriate improves the efficiency, lowers operating cost without significantly reducing internal controls.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidance as to the proper treatment when items are still retained, but need to be recognized as impaired or retired to administrative control. This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E 2279, which provides various principles to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the property management functions including the concepts of materiality, best value, reasonable detail, and reasonable assurance. During the life cycle of property management, appropriate action must be taken at the appropriate time to be in conformance with these principles. The objective is to maintain property accounting records that represent the actual value of property.
1.2 This practice covers the recognition of depreciation of personal property that is critical to a fair representation of the entitys property and financial records. For instances when items for accounting or property management purposes may no longer serve the purpose that was originally intended, it may be more appropriate to recognize impairments or retire these items for record keeping purposes.
1.3 Generally, entities formally record, account, and inventory personal property that meet certain criteria, as defined by the entity, based upon acquisition cost thresholds, expendability, or useful life polices. Accordingly, entities should establish recurring depreciation cycles so that the property eligible for depreciation is fairly and consistently recorded in an entitys records in accordance with generally accepted accounting standards.
1.4 The percentage and frequency of depreciation is dependent on such factors as the nature of owned property, its useful life, and the frequency of property use in support of business-type activities of the entity.
1.5 This standard covers accepted practice as to proper record keeping actions when items are fully depreciated for accounting purposes and should be retired from the accounting as well as property management purposes when the asset no longer serves the purpose that was intended but still remains on the entities premises or continues to be under some form of control.
1.6 Entities have a responsibility to operate effectively, efficiently, and in a reasonable and responsible manner and to provide stakeholders best value as provided in public law, regulations and generally accepted accounting practices.
1.7 This standard is limited to property management functions. This standard does not purport to address tax concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate tax guidelines and to determine the applicability of regulatory or statutory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
03.100.30 - Management of human resources
Technical Committee
E53 - Asset Management
Drafting Committee
E53.03 - Financial Aspects Asset Management
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM E2378-13 - Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property
Effective Date
15-Jul-2013
Referred By
ASTM E2608-20 - Standard Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2675-22 - Standard Practice for Asset Management System Outcomes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2135-22 - Standard Terminology for Property and Asset Management
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2279-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of Property Asset Management
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2131-16(2022) - Standard Practice for Addressing and Reporting Losses of Tangible Property
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

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ASTM E2378-05 - Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal PropertyASTM E2378-05 - Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property
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ASTM E2378-05 - Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E2378 − 05
StandardPractice for
the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Personal Property
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope longer serves the purpose that was intended but still remains on
the entities premises or continues to be under some form of
1.1 This practice covers guidance as to the proper treatment
control.
when items are still retained, but need to be recognized as
1.6 Entities have a responsibility to operate effectively,
impaired or retired to administrative control. This practice is
intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2279, which efficiently, and in a reasonable and responsible manner and to
provide stakeholders best value as provided in public law,
provides various principles to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of the property management functions including the regulations and generally accepted accounting practices.
concepts of materiality, best value, reasonable detail, and
1.7 This standard is limited to property management func-
reasonable assurance. During the life cycle of property
tions. This standard does not purport to address tax concerns,
management, appropriate action must be taken at the appropri-
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
ate time to be in conformance with these principles. The
of this standard to establish appropriate tax guidelines and to
objective is to maintain property accounting records that
determine the applicability of regulatory or statutory require-
represent the actual value of property.
ments prior to use.
1.2 This practice covers the recognition of depreciation of
2. Referenced Documents
personal property that is critical to a fair representation of the
entity’s property and financial records. For instances when
2.1 ASTM Standards:
items for accounting or property management purposes may no
E2135 Terminology for Property and Asset Management
longer serve the purpose that was originally intended, it may be
E2219 Practice forValuation and Management of Moveable,
moreappropriatetorecognizeimpairmentsorretiretheseitems
Durable Property (Withdrawn 2009)
for record keeping purposes.
E2279 Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of
Property Management
1.3 Generally, entities formally record, account, and inven-
tory personal property that meet certain criteria, as defined by
3. Terminology
the entity, based upon acquisition cost thresholds,
expendability, or useful life polices. Accordingly, entities 3.1 Definitions: For definitions relating to Property and
should establish recurring depreciation cycles so that the Asset Management, refer to Terminology E2135.
property eligible for depreciation is fairly and consistently 3.2 Terms Specific to This Standard
recorded in an entity’s records in accordance with generally 3.2.1 administratively controlled items, n— items not re-
accepted accounting standards. quiring formal property control and accountability by property
management and accounting functions.
1.4 The percentage and frequency of depreciation is depen-
dent on such factors as the nature of owned property, its useful
4. Summary of Practice
life, and the frequency of property use in support of business-
4.1 Entities should implement property management sys-
type activities of the entity.
tems in accordance with Practice E2279.
1.5 This standard covers accepted practice as to proper
4.2 Property recorded in the entity’s formal property system
record keeping actions when items are fully depreciated for
should be depreciated based upon internal or external stan-
accounting purposes and should be retired from the accounting
dards.
as well as property management purposes when the asset no
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E53 on Property contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Management Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E53.03 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Financial Management. the ASTM website.
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. DOI: 10.1520/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
E2378-05. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2378 − 05
4.3 The net book value of items should be fairly represented should be retained in the formal property records through the
and this includes the recognition of impairments as they occur. life of the asset, should not be used as the sole value when
Property management personnel have a vital role in the process accounting, reporting, and reconciling inventory results. Prop-
of recognition of impairments. erty acquired via means other than procurement is usually
recorded at a value based on its fair market value. Most
4.4 Because the actual drop in value of each asset may be
property assets will lose value over time because of wear and
difficult and time-consuming to compute, a standardized de-
tear, or other factors. Periodic depreciation takes into account
preciation process may be used by entities to approximate
all of these factors.
depreciations. For example, one process assumes that an asset
depreciates by an equal percentage of its original acquisition
6.3 Generally, property recorded to a formal property ac-
value for each year that it is used resulting in the same
countability system is controlled and inventoried for as long as
deduction amount every year. Another process may assume
the property remains on the entity’s property system. Property
that an asset depreciates at a larger rate in the first years and a
i
...

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ASTM E3140-19(Guide)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The asset management career field has many career disciplines (particularly asset management consistent with ISO 55000 definitions, concepts, and requirements) that support an entity’s activities. These career titles may include, but are not limited to, industrial asset management specialists, asset administrators, property asset management, operations, accounting, database management, contract management, motor vehicle managers, and so forth. Career professionals not only manage assets, but may also perform audits or self-assessments, develop policies and procedures for the management of assets, supervise asset management operations within and across their entities, or act as a primary interface to customers for asset management related matters.  
4.2 ISO 55001 and ISO 55002 recommend entities determine the competency of personnel performing asset management functions to ensure that personnel are competent to perform assigned asset management functions based on education, training, or experience, or combinations thereof. ISO 55002 recommends that human resource skills improvement and competencies should be included in the entity’s asset management training plans. (See Table 1.)  
4.3 Entity adoption of an AMCD program enables asset management professionals to become fully competent in their chosen career field and allows for career progression which, in turn, will assist the entity in retaining competent asset management professionals.  
4.4 A properly designed and implemented AMCD program leads to assurance that asset management professional and support staff are sufficiently competent to meet industry technical standards, customer expectations, and that competence is no less than similar activities that customers require, and are needed to maximize the value of assets and the elimination of waste, fraud, and abuse.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides the principles for an Asset Management Career Development program including education and training for professional employees engaged in the practice of asset management.  
1.2 As a guide, this is the consensus of the asset management profession for the requirements for an Asset Management Career Development (AMCD) program.  
1.3 The use of this guide by the profession can improve professional competence, enhance value from assets, reinforce or establish adequate internal controls, encourage a broader and higher level of competency and thinking by its practitioners, reinforce the use of innovative and cost-effective practices, create greater commonality between all entities that perform asset management, and increase the ability of entities to respond to changing needs and business conditions.  
1.4 The AMCD program establishes the recommended education, training, and experience requisites necessary for asset management activities to adequately support the missions and objectives of an entity’s asset management operations, and therefore supports the entities’ missions.  
1.5 The AMCD program is predicated on multiple levels of professional competency and achievement based on a combination of academic education and training and professional experience.  
1.6 It is the responsibility of each entity that adopts this guide to confirm the appropriateness of any specific education and training offerings.  
1.7 This guide encourages a broad and continuous self-study practice for those within the profession as applicable knowledge and lessons learned are disseminated continuously from multiple sources.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM E2378-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Recognition of Impaired or Retired Property Assets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Asset management activities should be worthwhile; the perceived benefits should exceed the perceived cost of those benefits. As time progresses, property accountability processes may need to be adjusted with proper recognition to maintain the required framework of internal controls and to avoid abuse. Systematic depreciation of property generally serves to provide a fair presentation of an entity’s property and financial records for decision makers. When conditions change, proper recognition should also occur such as impairments or abandonments. The accountability approach of some items may increase, and accountability approach of other items decrease. Keeping fully depreciated items on the asset records and property management records when they no longer are used as originally intended may be misleading to decision makers and may result in excessive operating costs. Retiring items to administrative control, when appropriate, improves the efficiency and lowers administrative cost without sacrificing other worthwhile internal controls.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidance as to the proper treatment for accounting and accountability purposes when items are still retained but need to be recognized as impaired or retired to administrative control. This practice is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2279, which provides various principles to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the property management functions. These include the concepts of materiality, best value, reasonable detail, and reasonable assurance and proper reporting. During the life cycle of property management, appropriate action must be taken at the appropriate time to be in conformance with these principles. The objective, on behalf of the owner, is to maintain property accounting records that adequately represent the appropriate book value of the property and for accountability purposes apply the appropriate management and oversight for the proper protection and safeguarding of assets.  
1.2 This practice covers the recognition of the status of property assets that is critical to a fair representation of the entity’s property and financial records. For instances, when items for accounting or property management purposes may no longer serve the purpose that was originally intended, it may be more appropriate to recognize impairments or retire these items for record keeping purposes.  
1.3 Generally, entities for internal controls purposes record, account, and inventory property that meet certain criteria, as defined by the organization, based upon acquisition cost thresholds, expendability, or useful life policies. Accordingly, entities should establish recurring depreciation cycles so that the property eligible for depreciation is fairly and consistently recorded in the entity’s records in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.  
1.4 The percentage or extent of recognized depreciation is dependent on such factors as the nature of owned property, its useful life, and the frequency of property used in support of business-type activities of the entity.  
1.5 This practice covers the accepted practice of proper record keeping actions when items are fully depreciated for accounting purposes and should be retired from the accounting as well as property management purposes when the asset no longer serves the purpose that was intended but remains on the entity’s premises or continues to be under some form of control.  
1.6 Entities have a responsibility under their internal controls to operate effectively, efficiently, and in a reasonable and responsible manner to provide stakeholders best value as provided in public law, regulations, and generally accepted accounting practices. These responsibilities include responding to internally and externally imposed accounting and accountability changes.  
1.7 This standard acknowledges during the life cycle of assets, decisions have to be mad...

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Standard Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.1 Mountain Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in mountainous terrain.  
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Mountain Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.  
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1.3 Specifically, Mountain Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain.  
1.4 A Mountain Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined within this guide.  
1.5 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels), or in an alpine environment.  
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4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.  
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1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.  
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.  
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).  
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1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes the minimum standard for training Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
4.2 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJs that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
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4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to provide specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Strike Team/Task Force Leader.  
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1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training for Land SAR Strike Team/Task Force Leaders as it relates to their general, field, and search and rescue specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.  
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1.4.1 Category: Land Search teams which may utilize personnel trained to this guide are:
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1.4.1.2 Kind: Wilderness;
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1.4.2.4 Kind: Alpine.  
1.5 Further training may be required depending on the regulations or policies of the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).  
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Standard Guide for Medical-related Professionals within the Cannabis and Hemp Industries

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 As patient use of cannabis and hemp for medical purposes increases and medical professionals are increasingly called upon to provide medical advice, the following requirements and expectations within the medical profession are increasingly significant, requiring:  
5.1.1 Availability by patients to qualified medical professionals who can provide safe and objective advice on the medical use of cannabis and hemp,  
5.1.2 Clarity by medical professionals on the legal restrictions in their area of jurisdiction to ensure compliance, and  
5.1.3 Development of qualified training and certificate programs to ensure safe and quality healthcare for patients.  
5.2 The primary objectives of this guide are as follows:  
5.2.1 Provide a general overview of the BoK required for the professions listed in Section 7; and  
5.2.2 Provide recommendations to form the foundation for training and subsequent recognition/certificate systems that enable consumers, employers, organizational management, government agencies, and others who rely upon medical professionals to distinguish between qualified and non-qualified workers.  
5.2.3 Recommend requirements that agencies can use to develop and document the specific criteria used for training or certificate programs.  
5.3 Users of this guide shall document deviations from the recommended requirements to inform their clients of the criteria applied in either the training or the certificate programs offered. As the cannabis and hemp industries and medical guidelines mature, this guide will be updated to reflect current thinking and requirements.  
5.4 The Bok elements are applicable to certificate programs, while the BoK, experiential and educational elements are applicable to certification process requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide can provide certification bodies, training providers, employers, and certificate issuers, with best-practice guidance for administering their respective programs for medical-related professions within the cannabis and hemp industries.  
1.2 This guide recommends requirements for experience, training, education, and the body of knowledge (BoK) necessary for medical-related professions within the cannabis and hemp industries listed in Table 1.  
1.3 For purposes of this guide, a medical professional is defined as a person qualified and licensed as required by the jurisdiction to provide guidance or recommendations regarding a person's health or fitness.  
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1.5 This guide's content does not supersede requirements for training or earning a certificate defined by jurisdictional entities such as government or other regional regulatory bodies.  
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Standard Practice for Forensic Science Practitioner Training, Continuing Education, and Professional Development Programs

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice separately outlines criteria and implementation approaches for the training, continuing education, and professional development of forensic science practitioners. The use of this practice can help establish training programs designed to achieve competency in targeted disciplines. The standard also describes measures to maintain competency through continuing education/professional development.  
4.2 This practice provides a framework for extending learning opportunities to promote and achieve higher standards of professional practice in forensic science.  
4.3 This practice is not intended to be inclusive of all possible options nor to address the challenges of a particular discipline.  
4.3.1 This practice does not address proficiency testing programs or specific requirements of professional certification and licensure bodies, although the foundational requirements addressed may be essential elements for such programs.  
4.3.2 This practice is not intended to supersede requirements from professional certification and licensure bodies.
4.3.2.1 Licensing and certifying bodies in a number of fields typically impose continuing education and professional development requirements on their license or certificate holders. Such requirements are intended to encourage professionals to expand their knowledge base and keep abreast of new developments. Depending on the field, these requirements might be satisfied through internal training; completion of college, university, or extension coursework; or through attendance at conferences and seminars. Individuals in such positions should obtain and document their on-going training and development as required by their licensing or certifying body.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides foundational requirements for the training, continuing education, and professional development of forensic science practitioners to include training criteria toward competency, documentation, implementation of training, and continuous professional development. This information is intended for forensic science service providers to help establish a training framework with program structure and content; for forensic science practitioners as they acquire and maintain their knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs); for subject matter experts when developing discipline specific training practices; and for training programs to manage and support the continuous development of their employees.  
1.2 This practice outlines minimum training criteria and provides general information, approaches, and resources for all disciplines. The standard would complement additional specific requirements for each forensic science discipline (for example, relevant degree programs, higher education) if developed by subject matter experts in their respective fields. Discipline specific training programs should address the content and means for developing and testing competency for each applicable topic identified in Practice E2917.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2159-23(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection, Assignment, and Monitoring of Persons To Be Utilized as Assessors/Auditors or Technical Experts

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 In a situation where an organization is performing an evaluation of another, either formally or informally, the single most important element in the evaluation may well be the selection and assignment of a properly qualified assessor/assessment team to perform an on-site assessment. Therefore it is imperative that the person(s) performing the assessment be selected and assigned with care by the assessing organization. Two basic types of individuals normally participate in an on-site assessment: assessors/auditors and technical experts; each perform separate functions (see definitions).  
3.2 This guide focuses on providing guidance regarding the responsibilities and obligations of an assessing body in the selection, training, assignment and monitoring of assessors/auditors and technical experts to carry out their evaluation functions.
Note 1: In some cases, others may also participate in an assessment who are beyond the control of the assessing body: for example, government regulatory personnel, or other observers specified by a client. Such participants are not covered by this guide.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidance to organizations that need to utilize persons to perform assessments/audits (assessing bodies) of other organizations (assessed bodies) for purposes of recognition, accreditation or other type of approval to perform a function.  
1.2 An assessing body should consider the contents of this guide and apply it according to its unique situation. The elements of this guide should be applicable to the selection, assignment, and monitoring of assessors, auditors, and technical experts whether they are contract or permanent staff members.  
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2708-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology for Accreditation and Certification

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines terms related to accreditation and certification. These terms are compiled from existing ASTM Commitee E36 standards and other sources to enable the development of future ASTM documents and to provide guidance on proper usage of the terms. The first edition of this standard contained terms relating to personnel certificate and certification programs and is expanded. The source document for each definition is cited when an appropriate document is available. Many definitions are the product of the committee that compiled this terminology, and as such, are the result of the collected knowledge and experience of the committee members.  
1.1.1 Since accreditation and certification are being carried out by many different bodies in many fields, usage of descriptive terms can vary. There is no attempt to include all accreditation and certification terms in this terminology. Rather, this terminology contains those terms most commonly encountered in accreditation and certification programs.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E3175-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Training in the Forensic Examination of Hair by Microscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 A training program provides the theoretical foundation and practical skills necessary for a trainee to become a qualified forensic hair examiner.  
4.2 A trainee is directly supervised by a qualified examiner throughout their training. At the end of the training program, a successful trainee is capable of forming opinions, presenting and explaining evidence, and understanding the limitations of analytical results and interpretations based upon sound scientific knowledge, validated procedures, and practical experience.  
4.3 A trainee is required to meet the minimum training criteria in Practice E2917 and this practice. It is the laboratory management’s responsibility to ensure the selected trainee has the appropriate educational background. It is recommended that, at a minimum, the trainee possess a bachelor’s degree in a natural science.  
4.4 This document outlines lessons, practical exercises, and criteria to monitor and evaluate trainee progress and is designed to be incorporated into an overall laboratory training program.  
4.5 Additional training beyond that which is listed here should be made available to the trainee. Such training might include off-site courses, internships, and specialized training by experienced examiners. Continuing education and training will provide a forensic examiner the opportunity to remain current in the field.  
4.6 Additional analyses can be performed on hairs that have been chemically altered (for example, dyed hair) or have trace materials on the surface (for example, glitter). Such techniques are beyond the scope of this document.  
4.7 This practice addresses the benefit of following microscopical examinations with DNA analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers training guidelines for use by forensic laboratory personnel responsible for training forensic examiners that will perform hair examinations, including microscopical comparisons of human hair.  
1.2 Forensic hair examiners are trained in accordance with Practice E2917 and the discipline-specific guidelines (Guide E3316) and criteria within this practice.  
1.3 This practice contains guidelines that include the tasks, goals, and objectives that allow the trainee to acquire the requisite knowledge, skills, and abilities to independently perform casework in the microscopical examination of hair.  
1.4 This practice addresses the correlation between the analytical results of microscopical examinations and the potential for DNA analysis.  
1.5 This practice addresses training for the microscopical examination of hairs and not the examination of chemical alterations (for example, hair dye) or trace materials on the surface of hairs (for example, hair care products).  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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