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ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality

Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers round, shaped and flat rolled plain carbon and alloy steel spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some relatively low number of cycles. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered conditions. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process in either ingot cast or strand cast form. The percentage of the following elements: carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, chromium, and vanadium, shall conform to the chemical composition requirements and be determined by heat analysis. Tensile and wrap tests shall conform to the mechanical requirements such as tensile strength. Metallurgical requirements including eddy current testing for etched surface, decarburization, and inclusion content are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers four different grades of round and shaped plain carbon and alloy steel spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some relatively low number of cycles. The quality level is between the commercial quality grades of wire such as Specifications A401/A401M, A231/A231M, and A229/A229M and the valve spring quality grades such Specifications as A230/A230M, A232/A232M, and A877/A877M. It is similar to the grade TD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for medium fatigue levels, such as required for clutch springs. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2023
ICS
77.140.25 - Spring steels
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.03 - Steel Rod and Wire
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring QualityASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
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ASTM A1000/A1000M-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A1000/A1000M − 17 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Specification for
1
Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring Quality
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A1000/A1000M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A231/A231M Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy
Steel Spring Wire
1.1 This specification covers four different grades of round
A232/A232M Specification for Chromium-Vanadium Alloy
and shaped plain carbon and alloy steel spring wire, uniform in
Steel Valve Spring Quality Wire
quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of mechanical
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
springs that can withstand moderate fatigue stresses over some
of Steel Products
relatively low number of cycles. The quality level is between
A401/A401M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-
the commercial quality grades of wire such as Specifications
Silicon Alloy
A401/A401M, A231/A231M, and A229/A229M and the valve
A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods
spring quality grades such Specifications as A230/A230M,
for Steel Products for Shipment
A232/A232M, and A877/A877M. It is similar to the grade TD
A751 Test Methods and Practices for Chemical Analysis of
(referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for medium fatigue
Steel Products
levels, such as required for clutch springs. This wire shall be
A877/A877M Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-
either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and
Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve
tempered condition as specified by purchaser.
Spring Quality
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
terials
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
with the standard.
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-
2.2 European Standard:
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
EN 10270-2 Steel Wire for Mechanical Springs Part 2:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Oil-Hardened and Tempered Springsteel Wire of Unal-
3
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
loyed and Alloyed Steels
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, see
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Terminology A941.
A229/A229M Specification for Steel Wire, Quenched and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Tempered for Mechanical Springs
3.2.1 commercial quality wire, n—wire that is fairly com-
A230/A230M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon Valve
mon quality and intended for applications that are primarily
Spring Quality
static in nature, or not involving significant fatigue loading.
3.2.2 equivalent round diameter, n—diameter of a round
wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
wire.
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire. 3.2.3 shape factor, n—this value is used to obtain cross
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally
sectional area for shaped wires when multiplied by measured
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A1000/A1000M – 17.
width and measured thickness.
DOI: 10.1520/A1000_A1000M-17R23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from European Committee for Standardization, rue de Stassart
the ASTM website. 36,B-1050 Brussels
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A1000/A1000M − 17 (2023)
TABLE 1 Permissible Variations in Wire Dimensions (Round and
3.2.4
...

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ASTM A877/A877M-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Chromium-Silicon Alloys, Chrome-Silicon-Vanadium Alloy Valve Spring Quality

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process, shall be continuously cast, and shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation and surface imperfections. Heat analysis, tensile testing, wrap testing, and surface inspection by magnetic or eddy current defect analysis shall be done. Both heat and product analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and chromium. The mechanical requirements for the steel wire including cooling, heat treatment, and tensile strength, and the metallurgical requirements including etched surface testing, decarburization, and inclusion content are detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-silicon and chromium-silicon-vanadium alloys of steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
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1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn, for Coiled-Type Springs

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1.1 This specification covers round, cold-drawn, steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of the following types of upholstery springs:  
1.1.1 Type A—Coiled (Marshall pack),  
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1.1.3 Type C—Coiled and knotted (offset style),  
1.1.4 Type D—Coiled and hooked (single and cross helicals),  
1.1.5 Type E—Coiled and hooked (short tension—regular tensile strength),  
1.1.6 Type F—Coiled and hooked (short tension—high tensile strength),  
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1.1.8 Type H—Automatic lacing,  
1.1.9 Type I—Zig-zag (U-formed),  
1.1.10 Type J—Square-formed, and  
1.1.11 Type K—Sinuous for furniture spring units.  
1.2 These types of upholstery springs are used in the manufacture of automotive seat springs, furniture springs, bed spring units, mattresses, furniture cushions, and automobile seats. This wire is not intended for the manufacture of mechanical springs.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM A877/A877M-17(2023)(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the highest quality of round chromium-silicon alloy steel valve spring wires, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or oil-tempered condition. The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel making process, shall be continuously cast, and shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation and surface imperfections. Heat analysis, tensile testing, wrap testing, and surface inspection by magnetic or eddy current defect analysis shall be done. Both heat and product analysis shall conform to the chemical composition requirements specified for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, and chromium. The mechanical requirements for the steel wire including cooling, heat treatment, and tensile strength, and the metallurgical requirements including etched surface testing, decarburization, and inclusion content are detailed.
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1.1 This specification covers the highest quality of round and shaped chromium-silicon and chromium-silicon-vanadium alloys of steel valve spring wire, uniform in quality and temper, intended for the manufacture of valve springs and other springs requiring high-fatigue properties when used at moderately elevated temperatures. It is similar to the grade VD (referenced in EN 10270-2) intended for high fatigue levels. This wire shall be either in the annealed and cold-drawn or quenched and tempered condition as specified by purchaser.  
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ASTM A407-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn, for Coiled-Type Springs

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1.1 This specification covers round, cold-drawn, steel spring wire having properties and quality intended for the manufacture of the following types of upholstery springs:  
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ASTM A370-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The primary use of these test methods is testing to determine the specified mechanical properties of steel, stainless steel, and related alloy products for the evaluation of conformance of such products to a material specification under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 and its subcommittees as designated by a purchaser in a purchase order or contract.  
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4.1.2 The material condition at the time of testing, sampling frequency, specimen location and orientation, reporting requirements, and other test parameters are contained in the pertinent material specification or in a general requirement specification for the particular product form.  
4.1.3 Some material specifications require the use of additional test methods not described herein; in such cases, the required test method is described in that material specification or by reference to another appropriate test method standard.  
4.2 These test methods are also suitable to be used for testing of steel, stainless steel and related alloy materials for other purposes, such as incoming material acceptance testing by the purchaser or evaluation of components after service exposure.  
4.2.1 As with any mechanical testing, deviations from either specification limits or expected as-manufactured properties can occur for valid reasons besides deficiency of the original as-fabricated product. These reasons include, but are not limited to: subsequent service degradation from environmental exposure (for example, temperature, corrosion); static or cyclic service stress effects, mechanically-induced damage, material inhomogeneity, anisotropic structure, natural aging of select alloys, further processing not included in the specification, sampling limitations, and measuring equipment calibration uncertainty. There is statistical variation in all aspects of mechanical testin...
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Sections  
Tension  
7 to 14  
Bend  
15  
Hardness  
16  
Brinell  
17  
Rockwell  
18  
Portable  
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Impact  
20 to 30  
Keywords  
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Tubular Products  
Annex A2  
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Annex A3  
Round Wire Products  
Annex A4  
Significance of Notched-Bar Impact Testing  
Annex A5  
Converting Percentage Elongation of Round Specimens to
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Annex A6    
Testing Multi-Wire Strand  
Annex A7  
Rounding of Test Data  
Annex A8  
Methods for Testing Steel Reinforcing Bars  
Annex A9  
Procedure for Use and Control of Heat-cycle Simulation  
Annex A10  
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4.1 Using the procedures and apparatus in Sections 8 and 9 and the manufacturer's instructions, pressure-tight joints as strong as the pipe itself can be made between manufacturer-recommended combinations of pipe and fittings. See Specification F1055 for performance requirements of polyethylene electrofusion fittings.
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1.1 This practice describes procedures for making joints suitable for pressure service with polyethylene (PE) pipe and fittings by means of electrofusion joining techniques in, but not limited to, a field environment. Other suitable electrofusion joining procedures are available from various sources including fitting manufacturers. This standard does not purport to address all possible electrofusion joining procedures, or to preclude the use of qualified procedures developed by other parties that have been proven to produce reliable electrofusion joints. (Note 1)
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Standard Test Method for Determining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of the Filtration Component of a Sediment Retention Device

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, or a silt curtain, for specific soil tested.  
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1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.  
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4.1 The suggestions of this guide are intended to provide proper installation materials and practices to be used during the installation of a central-vacuum system.
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1.1 This guide demonstrates proper methods for installing a central-vacuum system.  
1.2 Appendix X1 contains additional sources of information that may be helpful to the user of this guide.  
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1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM F2886-17(2023)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Cobalt-28Chromium-6Molybdenum Components for Surgical Implant Applications

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This specification covers chemical, mechanical, and metallurgical general requirements for metal injection molded (MIM) cobalt-28chromium-6molybddenum components to be used in manufacturing surgical implants. In this specification, the MIM components covered may have been densified beyond their as-sintered density by post-sinter processing. For the chemical requirements, the components supplied in this specification must conform in accordance to the chemical requirements specified herein in Table 1. The product analysis tolerances must also conform to the product tolerances presented in Table 2. The specification also enumerates the mechanical requirements for MIM components wherein the tensile properties of the MIM must conform to the mechanical properties in Table 3. The microstructural requirements and specimen preparation shall be in accordance with Guide E3 and Practice E407.
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Standard Specification for General Requirements for Flat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for flat-rolled stainless and heat-resisting steel plate, sheet, and strip. The steel shall be made by one of the following processes: electric-arc, electric-induction, or other suitable processes. Heat and product analyses shall conform to the chemical requirements for each of the specific elements. The material shall undergo mechanical tests such as tension test, hardness test, and bend test. Special tests like intergranular corrosion test, permeability test, Charpy impact testing and tests for detrimental intermetallic phases in wrought duplex stainless steels shall be also be performed when required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers a group of general requirements that, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order or in an individual specification, shall apply to rolled steel plate, sheet, and strip, under each of the following specifications issued by ASTM: Specifications A240/A240M, A263, A264, A265, A666, A693, A793, and A895.  
1.2 In the case of conflict between a requirement of a product specification and a requirement of this specification, the product specification shall prevail. In the case of conflict between a requirement of the product specification or a requirement of this specification and a more stringent requirement of the purchase order, the purchase order shall prevail. The purchase order requirements shall not take precedence if they, in any way, violate the requirements of the product specification or this specification; for example, by waiving a test requirement or by making a test requirement less stringent.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The SI units are shown in brackets, except that when A480M is specified, Annex A3 shall apply for the dimensional tolerances and not the bracketed SI values in Annex A2. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This specification and the applicable material specifications are expressed in both inch-pound and SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation [SI units], the material shall be furnished in inch-pound units.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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