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ASTM D6594-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135  °C

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135  °C

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended to simulate the corrosion process of non-ferrous metals in diesel lubricants. The corrosion process under investigation is that believed to be induced primarily by inappropriate lubricant chemistry rather than lubricant degradation or contamination. This test method has been found to correlate with an extensive fleet database containing corrosion-induced cam and bearing failures.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2013
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.02 - Heavy Duty Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6594-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D6594-14 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135°C
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
01-May-2013
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-May-2013

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6594 − 13
StandardTest Method for
1
Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at 135 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, theASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessmentofthetestresultsobtainedonthoseoilsbythelaboratory(seeAnnexA1).Bythesemeans,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtainedbyotherlaboratories.Furthermore,variousagenciesrequirethatalaboratoryutilizetheTMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes
such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For other
3
information, refer to the research report of this test method.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
4
1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants 2.1 ASTM Standards:
to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifi- D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
cally alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam leum Products by Copper Strip Test
followers and bearings. D5185 TestMethodforDeterminationofAdditiveElements,
Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
standard.
etry (ICP-AES)
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 5
2003)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Char-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
acteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
3. Terminology
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1 Definitions:
D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
3.1.1 corrosion, n—the chemical or electrochemical reac-
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6594 – 08. DOI: tion between a material, usually a metal surface, and its
10.1520/D6594-13.
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by
4
means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in all For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Information Letters through 07-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Attention: Administrator. the ASTM website.
3 5
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1443. www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6594 − 13
environment that can produce a deterioration of the material
and its properties. D5844
3.1.2 developer, n—of an ASTM test method, the assigned
ASTM group, working under the supervision of its governing
subcommittee and main committee, that formats the test
method in accordance with the Form and Style for ASTM
Standards, and continually refines the test method.
3.1.3 developer, n—of a test procedure, an individual or
organization that selects the
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D6594 − 08 D6594 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Corrosiveness of Diesel Engine Oil at
1
135°C135 °C
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6594; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Any properly equipped laboratory, without outside assistance, can use the procedure described in
2
this test method. However, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) provides reference oils and an
assessment of the test results obtained on those oils by the laboratory (see Annex A1). By these means,
the laboratory will know whether their use of the test method gives results statistically similar to those
obtained by other laboratories. Furthermore, various agencies require that a laboratory utilize the TMC
services in seeking qualification of oils against specifications. For example, the U.S. Army imposes
such a requirement in connection with several Army engine lubricating oil specifications.
Accordingly, this test method is written for use by laboratories that utilize the TMC services.
Laboratories that choose not to use those services may simply ignore those portions of the test method
that refer to the TMC.
This test method may be modified by means of information letters issued by the TMC. In addition,
the TMC may issue supplementary memoranda related to the method (see Annex A1). For other
3
information, refer to the research report of this test method.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers testing diesel engine lubricants to determine their tendency to corrode various metals, specifically
alloys of lead and copper commonly used in cam followers and bearings.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D5185 Test Method for Determination of Additive Elements, Wear Metals, and Contaminants in Used Lubricating Oils and
Determination of Selected Elements in Base Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
5
D5844 Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn 2003)
D6557 Test Method for Evaluation of Rust Preventive Characteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.02
on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008May 1, 2013. Published November 2008May 2013. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20062008 as
D6594D6594 – 08.–06. DOI: 10.1520/D6594-08.10.1520/D6594-13.
2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions contained in all
Information Letters through 07-1. Information Letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489, Attention:
Administrator.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1443.
4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
5
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6594 − 13
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 corrosion, n—the chemical or electrochemical reaction between a material, usually a metal surface, and its environment
that can produce a deterioration of the material and its
...

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ASTM D6792-23c(Practice)
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4.1 A petroleum products, liquid fuels, and lubricants testing laboratory plays a crucial role in product quality management and customer satisfaction. It is essential for a laboratory to provide quality data. This document provides guidance for establishing and maintaining a quality management system in a laboratory.  
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5.1 The bromine number is useful as a measure of aliphatic unsaturation in petroleum samples. When used in conjunction with the calculation procedure described in Annex A2, it can be used to estimate the percentage of olefins in petroleum distillates boiling up to approximately 315 °C (600 °F).  
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1.1.2 Commercial olefins that are essentially mixtures of aliphatic mono-olefins and that fall within the range of 95 to 165 bromine number (see Note 1). This test method has been found suitable for such materials as commercial propylene trimer and tetramer, butene dimer, and mixed nonenes, octenes, and heptenes. This test method is not satisfactory for normal alpha-olefins.  
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Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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