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ASTM D4393-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds

Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to parallel steel cord structures.
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber compound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and fabrics in industrial hose and belting products and other cord or fabric reinforced rubber products.
1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness, and cord spacing.
1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber embedment.
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound units in parentheses are provided in this test method are not necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of units may be used in this test method.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
59.100.01 - Materials for the reinforcement of composites in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.19 - Industrial Fibers and Metallic Reinforcements
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4393-02 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004

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ASTM D4393-04 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber CompoundsASTM D4393-04 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
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ASTM D4393-04 - Standard Test Method for Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to Rubber Compounds
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4393–04
Standard Test Method for
Strap Peel Adhesion of Reinforcing Cords or Fabrics to
1
Rubber Compounds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4393; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
4
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method covers the determination of peel
adhesion of reinforcing fabrics that are bonded to rubber D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
compounds. It is applicable to either woven or parallel cord D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
5
textile structures from both natural and manmade fibers and to D1566 Terminology Relating to Rubber
parallel steel cord structures. D2138 NO TITLE
1.2 This test method is primarily used to evaluate tire cords D2229 Test Method forAdhesion Between SteelTire Cords
and tire cord fabrics, including steel tire cords, using a suitable and Rubber
tire cord adhesive and a suitable rubber compound. This test D6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,
method may be used to evaluate tire cord adhesives (fabric Hose Reinforcing Wire, and Fabrics
dip), metallic (usually brass) coatings on steel cord, and the
3. Terminology
process of adhesive reaction on the cord using one consistent
3.1 Definitions:
form of tire cord or fabric and one consistent rubber com-
pound. This test method may be used to evaluate cords and 3.1.1 For defintions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire,
hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D6477.
fabricsinindustrialhoseandbeltingproductsandothercordor
fabric reinforced rubber products. 3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
adhesion, adhesion, in tire fabrics, chafer fabric, curing, fabric
1.3 Variables that may contribute to differences in results of
this test method include adhesive type, adhesive application dip, holland cloth, rubber, rubber compound, as used in the
manufacture of rubber articles, rubberize, steel cord, steel
procedure, adhesive cure, fiber type, construction of cords or
reinforcing fabrics, rubber type, rubber cure, rubber thickness, filament, stitch, in making rubberized articles, straightness, in
2
steel cord, tack, for rubber or rubber compounds, tire cord, tire
and cord spacing.
cord fabric, vulcanization, weftless fabric.
1.3.1 The deleterious effect of ozone in combination with
atmospheric moisture on the ability of adhesives to bond with 3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to rubber, refer to
Terminology D1566.
rubber requires assiduous protection of cords prior to rubber
3
embedment. 3.1.3 For definitions of terms related to textiles, refer to
Terminology D123.
1.4 This test method is written in SI units. The inch-pound
units in parentheses are provided in this test method are not
4. Summary of Test Method
necessarily exact equivalents of the SI units. Either system of
4.1 Strap Peel Adhesion From Single Cord—Two pieces of
units may be used in this test method.
weftlessfabricofsufficientsizetocoverthecuringmoldcavity
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
are generated on a rotatable drum (Fig. 1). These two fabrics
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
are laid one against the other, with cords in the same direction,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to form the pad (Fig. 2).This pad has a nonstick fabric, such as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
holland cloth, separating the two fabric layers at one end for a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sufficient distance to eventually permit adjacent ends of each
fabric layer to be separated after curing and grasped separately
1
in the jaws of a tensile testing machine. The pad is cured in a
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord and Fabrics.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published October 2004. Originally
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4393 – 02. DOI:
4
10.1520/D4393-04. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
2
Iyengar, Y., “Adhesion Behavior of Nylon Tire Cord/Adhesive/Rubber Sys- contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tems,” Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol 13, 1969, pp. 353–363. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
3
Wenghoefer, H. M., “Environmental Effects on RFL Adhesion,” Rubber the ASTM website.
5
Chemistry and Technology, Vol 47, No. 5, December 1974,
...

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