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ASTM D2425-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 400 to 650°F (204 to 343°C) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in virgin middle distillates 204 to 343C (400 to 650F) boiling range, 5 to 95 volume % as determined by Test Method D 86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C 18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH2n-10(indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, C nH2n-14(acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH2n-16(acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics. Note 1This test method was developed on consolidated Electro-dynamics Corp. Type 103 Mass Spectrometers.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see .

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2004
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.04.0M - Mass Spectrometry
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2425-99 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D2425-04(2009) - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7566-22a - Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized Hydrocarbons
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8144-22 - Standard Test Method for Separation and Determination of Aromatics, Nonaromatics, and FAME Fractions in Middle Distillates by Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6591-19 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8276-19 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates, including Biodiesel Blends by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D2549-23 - Standard Test Method for Separation of Representative Aromatics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils by Elution Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8302-20 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Cycloparaffin Content in Saturated ATJ-SPK Jet Fuel Gas Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D8305-19 - Standard Test Method for The Determination of Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Total Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels and other Kerosene Range Fuels by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D6618-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D5186-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D4054-23 - Standard Practice for Evaluation of New Aviation Turbine Fuels and Fuel Additives
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

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ASTM D2425-04 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass SpectrometryASTM D2425-04 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
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ASTM D2425-04 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2425–04
Standard Test Method for
Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass
1
Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2425; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D2549 Test Method for Separation of Representative Aro-
matics and Nonaromatics Fractions of High-Boiling Oils
1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the
by Elution Chromatography
mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present
invirginmiddledistillates204to343°C(400to650°F)boiling
3. Terminology
range, 5 to 95 volume% as determined by Test Method D86.
3.1 The summation of characteristic mass fragments are
Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins be-
defined as follows:
tween C and C and containing paraffins from C and C
12 16 10 18
+
(71 (paraffins)=total peak height of m/e 71 + 85.
can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined.
(67 (mono or noncondensed polycycloparaffins, or
These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, con-
+
both) = total peak height of m/e 67+68+69+81
densed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylben-
+82+83+96+97.
zenes, indans or tetralins, or both, C H (indenes, etc.),
n 2n-10
(123 (condensed dicycloparaffins)=total peak height of
naphthalenes, C H (acenaphthenes, etc.), C H
n 2n-14 n 2n-
+
m/e 123+124+137+138+··· etc. up to 249+250.
16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.
(149 (condensed tricycloparaffins)=total peak height of
+
NOTE 1—This test method was developed on consolidated Electro-
m/e 149+150+163+164+··· etc. up to 247+248.
dynamics Corp. Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. +
(91 (alkyl benzenes) = total peak height of m/e
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
91+92+105+106+··· etc. up to 175+176.
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
(103 (indans or tetralins, or both)=total peak height of
+
information only.
m/e 103+104+117+118+··· etc. up to 187+188.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(115 (indenes or C H , or both)=total peak height of
n 2n-10
+
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
m/e 115+116+129+130+··· etc. up to 185+186.
+
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
128 (naphthalene)=total peak height of m/e 128.
+
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
(141 (naphthalenes) = total peak height of m/e
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
141+142+155+156+··· etc. up to 239+240.
hazard statement, see 10.1.
(153 (acenaphthenes or C H , or both)=total peak
n 2n-14
+
height of m/e 153 + 154 + 167 + 168 + ··· etc. up to
2. Referenced Documents
251+252.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(151 (acenaphthylenes or C H , or both)=total peak
n 2n-16
+
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
height of m/e 151 + 152 + 165 + 166 + ··· etc. up to
Atmospheric Pressure
249+250.
+
(177 (tricyclic aromatics) = total peak height of m/e
177+178+191+192+··· etc. up to 247+248.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee 4. Summary of Test Method
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
4.1 Samples are separated into saturate and aromatic frac-
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
tions by Test Method D2549, and each fraction is analyzed by
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D2425–99. DOI:
10.1520/D2425-04.
mass spectrometry. The analysis is based on the summation of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
characteristicmassfragmentstodeterminetheconcentrationof
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
hydrocarbon types. The average carbon numbers of the hydro-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. carbon types are estimated from spectral data. Calculations are
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2425–04
madefromcalibrationdatadependentupontheaveragecarbon dance with this method and instructions of the manufacturer to
number of the hydrocarbon types. The results of each fraction ensure stability before proceeding.
are mathematically combined according to their mass fractions
9.2 Mass Spectral Background—Samples in the carbon
as determ
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for calculating the estimated kinematic viscosity of a blend of two or more petroleum products, such as lubricating oil base stocks, fuel components, residual fuel oil with kerosene, crude oils, and related products, from their kinematic viscosities and blend fractions.  
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1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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5.1 Sulfur present as mercaptans or as hydrogen sulfide in distillate fuels and solvents can attack many metallic and non-metallic materials in fuel and other distribution systems. A negative result in the doctor test ensures that the concentration of these compounds is insufficient to cause such problems in normal use.
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  For specific warning statements, see 7.3.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2887-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.  
5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.
Note 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.  
1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.  
1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.  
1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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