ASTM D5186-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuels is a factor that can affect their cetane number and exhaust emissions.
5.2 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates the aromatic content of diesel fuels. California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations place limits on the total aromatics content and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon content of motor diesel fuel, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of diesel fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.
5.3 This test method is applicable to materials in the boiling range of motor diesel fuels and is unaffected by fuel coloration. Test Method D1319, which has been mandated by the USEPA for the determination of aromatics in motor diesel fuel, excludes materials with final boiling points greater than 315 °C (600 °F) from its scope. Test Method D2425 is applicable to the determination of both total aromatics and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuel, but is much more costly and time consuming to perform.
5.4 Results obtained by this test method have been shown to be statistically more precise than those obtained from Test Method D1319 for typical diesel fuels, and this test method has a shorter analysis time.3 Results from this test method for total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons are also expected to be at least as precise as those of Test Method D2425.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 % to 75 % by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591 versus Test Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges and only to diesel fuels.
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5186 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear
Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total
amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocar-
2. Referenced Documents
bon compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aro-
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petro-
matics concentration to which this test method is applicable is
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
from1%to75%by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Dis-
hydrocarbon concentrations to which this test method is
tillates by Mass Spectrometry
applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591
Measurement System Performance
versus Test Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable
D6591 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydro-
ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative
carbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance
Bias section. The correlations are applicable only in the stated
Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index
ranges and only to diesel fuels.
Detection
D6708 Practice for StatisticalAssessment and Improvement
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for
of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that
diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of bio-
Purport to Measure the Same Property of a Material
diesel will interfere with the results. The correlation equations
are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to
3. Terminology
diesel fuels that do not contain biodiesel.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 critical pressure, n—that pressure needed to condense
standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for infor-
a gas at the critical temperature.
mation only.
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
which a gaseous fluid may be converted to a liquid by means
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
of compression.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
n—hydrocarbon compounds containing exactly one aromatic
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ring. This group includes benzene, alkyl-substituted benzenes,
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
indans, tetralins, alkyl-substituted indans, and alkyl-substituted
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
tetralins.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3.1.4 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n—all hydrocar-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bon compounds containing two or more aromatic rings. These
rings may be fused as in naphthalene and phenanthrene, or
separate as in biphenyl.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved April 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D5186 – 20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D5186-22. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5186 − 20 D5186 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Aromatic Content and Polynuclear
Aromatic Content of Diesel Fuels By Supercritical Fluid
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5186; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the total amounts of monoaromatic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon
compounds in motor diesel fuels and blend stocks by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The range of aromatics
concentration to which this test method is applicable is from 1 % to 75 % by mass. The range of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon
concentrations to which this test method is applicable is from 0.5 % to 50 % by mass.
1.2 This test method includes relative bias for Test Method D5186 versus Test Method D1319 and Test Method D6591 versus Test
Method D5186 for diesel fuels. The applicable ranges of the correlation ranges are presented in the Relative Bias section. The
correlations are applicable only in the stated ranges and only to diesel fuels.
1.3 This test method and correlations were developed for diesel samples not containing biodiesel; the presence of biodiesel will
interfere with the results. The correlation equations are only applicable between these concentration ranges and to diesel fuels that
do not contain biodiesel.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
D2425 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.
Current edition approved July 1, 2020April 1, 2022. Published July 2020May 2022. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 20192020 as
D5186 – 19.D5186 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D5186-20.10.1520/D5186-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5186 − 22
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
D6591 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates—High Performance Liquid
Chromatography Method with Refractive Index Detection
D6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvement of Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods that Purport
to Measure the Same Property of a Material
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 critical pressure, n—that pressure needed to condense a gas at the critical temperature.
3.1.2 critical temperature, n—the highest temperature at which a gaseous fluid may be converted to a liquid by means of
compression.
3.1.3 mononuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, n—hydrocarbon compounds containing exactly one aromatic ring. This group
includes benzene, alkyl-substituted benzenes, indans, tetralins, alkyl-substituted indans, and alkyl-substituted tetralins.
3.1.4 polynucl
...
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