ASTM D5617-04(2015)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
Standard Test Method for Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Installed geosynthetics are subjected to forces from more than one direction including forces perpendicular to the surfaces of the geosynthetic. Out of plane deformation of a geosynthetic may be useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.
5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different compared to other relatively small scale index tests and may be beneficial for design purposes.
5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this test can be considered a performance test.
Note 1: Although, this test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm, larger diameter vessels will better approximate field performance. However, the user is cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results and hence may not be comparable.
5.4 For applications where geosynthetics cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should be considered an index test.
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method, it is not considered practical as a quality control test.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of geosynthetics to a force that is applied perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.
1.2 When the geosynthetic deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid) formulations are provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.
1.3 This test method is more commonly used to test geomembranes. Permeable materials may also be tested in conjunction with an impermeable material.
1.4 This test method requires a large diameter pressure vessel (600 mm). Information obtained from this test method may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small scale index tests such as Test Method D6693 or Test Method D7003/D7003M.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5617 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Polypropylene Geomembranes
D7003/D7003MTest Method for Strip Tensile Properties of
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-
Reinforced Geomembranes
plane response of geosynthetics to a force that is applied
perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.
3. Terminology
1.2 When the geosynthetic deforms to a prescribed geomet-
3.1 Definitions:
ric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid) formulations are
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—planar product manufactured from
provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on
man-made project, structure, or system.
deformation versus pressure is obtained.
3.1.2 multi-axial tension, n—stress in more than one direc-
1.3 This test method is more commonly used to test
tion.
geomembranes. Permeable materials may also be tested in
3.1.3 Fordefinitionsofothertermsusedinthistestmethod,
conjunction with an impermeable material.
refer to Terminology D4439.
1.4 This test method requires a large diameter pressure
vessel (600 mm). Information obtained from this test method
4. Summary of Test Method
may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small
4.1 Apre-cut geosynthetic sample is secured at the edges of
scale index tests such as Test Method D6693 or Test Method
a large diameter (600 mm) pressure vessel. Pressure is applied
D7003/D7003M.
to the sample to cause out-of-plane deformation and failure.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
This deformation with pressure information can then be
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
analyzed to evaluate various materials.
standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Installed geosynthetics are subjected to forces from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
more than one direction including forces perpendicular to the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surfaces of the geosynthetic. Out of plane deformation of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
geosynthetic may be useful in evaluating materials for caps
where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different com-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pared to other relatively small scale index tests and may be
D4439Terminology for Geosynthetics
beneficial for design purposes.
D6693Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of
5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this
Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible
test can be considered a performance test.
NOTE 1—Although, this test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm, larger
1 diameter vessels will better approximate field performance. However, the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
user is cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results and
GeosyntheticsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD35.10onGeomem-
hence may not be comparable.
branes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
5.4 For applications where geosynthetics cannot be de-
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5617–04(2010).
formed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test
DOI: 10.1520/D5617-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or method should be considered an index test.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method, it
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is not considered practical as a quality control test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5617 − 04 (2015)
plastic sheet has to overlay the permeable material to maintain
the pressure in the vessel during the test.
7.3.1 When testing permeable materials, the impermeable
material shall be more elastic than the permeable material
(unless the combination of the two materials is the desired test
variable). This is required so that the permeable material fails
first.
7.3.2 Testresultsonpermeablematerialswillbeaffectedby
the impermeable material used in the test.
7.4 Test three replicate specimens on each sample unless
otherwise noted.
8. Procedure
8.1 Cut the test specimen to the requirements of the test
vesseltoensureagoodseal.Placespecimenacrosstheopening
of the vessel. Be sure the specimen is not sagging.
FIG. 1 Multi-Axial Burst Apparatus
8.2 Be sure the specimen remains flat while the edge of the
specimen is being securely clamped into place.
8.3 Either air or water can be used to pressurize the vessel.
6. Apparatus
If a water system is used, introduce water into the vessel until
6.1 Fig.1showsanexampleofthetestapparatusthatcanbe
it is completely filled.
used in the performance of this test method. The apparatus
8.4 Add water or air into the system so as to control the rate
requires a pressure vessel rated to a minimum of 690 kPa. The
3 ofcenterpointdeflectionat20mm/mininacontinuousfashion.
vessel diameter should be 600 mm. Other size vessels may be
8.4.1 Stepwise increments of center point deflection are not
used but it is up to the user to establish correlation to the
allowed.
standard size vessel.
8.5 Record the amount of centerpoint deflection and pres-
6.2 If the vessel has a deflection chamber it should not
sure at least every 10 s.
inhibit the geosynthetic from freely deflecting during the test.
The deflection chamber shall be vented.
8.6 Continue with the test by maintaining a constant rate of
6.2.1 Some materials will expand laterally beyond the centerpoint deflection at the specified rate until the specimen
diameterofthepressurevesselandmaycontactthesidesofthe
has ruptured (as noted by a sudden loss in pressure) or until
deflection chamber. In these cases, the test is no longer valid some predetermined end point has been reached.
andadifferentdevicemustbeused.Deviceswithoutdeflection
NOTE 2—The user is cautioned that the sudden release of pressure at
chambers have worked well in these situations.
rupture could potentially be dangerous and cause either personal injury or
...
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5617 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Polypropylene Geomembranes
D7003/D7003M Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-
Reinforced Geomembranes
plane response of geosynthetics to a force that is applied
perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.
3. Terminology
1.2 When the geosynthetic deforms to a prescribed geomet-
3.1 Definitions:
ric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid) formulations are
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—planar product manufactured from
provided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain
polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geo-
values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric
technical engineering related material as an integral part of a
shapes. With other geometric shapes, comparative data on
man-made project, structure, or system.
deformation versus pressure is obtained.
3.1.2 multi-axial tension, n—stress in more than one direc-
1.3 This test method is more commonly used to test
tion.
geomembranes. Permeable materials may also be tested in
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,
conjunction with an impermeable material.
refer to Terminology D4439.
1.4 This test method requires a large diameter pressure
vessel (600 mm). Information obtained from this test method
4. Summary of Test Method
may be more appropriate for design purposes than many small
4.1 A pre-cut geosynthetic sample is secured at the edges of
scale index tests such as Test Method D6693 or Test Method
a large diameter (600 mm) pressure vessel. Pressure is applied
D7003/D7003M.
to the sample to cause out-of-plane deformation and failure.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
This deformation with pressure information can then be
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
analyzed to evaluate various materials.
standard.
5. Significance and Use
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Installed geosynthetics are subjected to forces from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
more than one direction including forces perpendicular to the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surfaces of the geosynthetic. Out of plane deformation of a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
geosynthetic may be useful in evaluating materials for caps
where subsidence of the subsoil may be problematic.
2. Referenced Documents
5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different com-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
pared to other relatively small scale index tests and may be
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
beneficial for design purposes.
D6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of
5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this
Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible
test can be considered a performance test.
NOTE 1—Although, this test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm, larger
1 diameter vessels will better approximate field performance. However, the
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
user is cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results and
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-
hence may not be comparable.
branes.
Current edition approved May 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
5.4 For applications where geosynthetics cannot be de-
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5617–04(2010).
formed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test
DOI: 10.1520/D5617-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or method should be considered an index test.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method, it
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. is not considered practical as a quality control test.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5617 − 04 (2015)
plastic sheet has to overlay the permeable material to maintain
the pressure in the vessel during the test.
7.3.1 When testing permeable materials, the impermeable
material shall be more elastic than the permeable material
(unless the combination of the two materials is the desired test
variable). This is required so that the permeable material fails
first.
7.3.2 Test results on permeable materials will be affected by
the impermeable material used in the test.
7.4 Test three replicate specimens on each sample unless
otherwise noted.
8. Procedure
8.1 Cut the test specimen to the requirements of the test
vessel to ensure a good seal. Place specimen across the opening
of the vessel. Be sure the specimen is not sagging.
FIG. 1 Multi-Axial Burst Apparatus
8.2 Be sure the specimen remains flat while the edge of the
specimen is being securely clamped into place.
8.3 Either air or water can be used to pressurize the vessel.
6. Apparatus
If a water system is used, introduce water into the vessel until
6.1 Fig. 1 shows an example of the test apparatus that can be
it is completely filled.
used in the performance of this test method. The apparatus
8.4 Add water or air into the system so as to control the rate
requires a pressure vessel rated to a minimum of 690 kPa. The
of centerpoint deflection at 20 mm/min in a continuous fashion.
vessel diameter should be 600 mm. Other size vessels may be
8.4.1 Stepwise increments of center point deflection are not
used but it is up to the user to establish correlation to the
allowed.
standard size vessel.
8.5 Record the amount of centerpoint deflection and pres-
6.2 If the vessel has a deflection chamber it should not
sure at least every 10 s.
inhibit the geosynthetic from freely deflecting during the test.
The deflection chamber shall be vented. 8.6 Continue with the test by maintaining a constant rate of
6.2.1 Some materials will expand laterally beyond the
centerpoint deflection at the specified rate until the specimen
diameter of the pressure vessel and may contact the sides of the has ruptured (as noted by a sudden loss in pressure) or until
deflection chamber. In these cases, the test is no longer valid
some predetermined end point has been reached.
and a different device must be used. Devices without deflection
NOTE 2—The user is cautioned that the sudden release of pressure at
chambers have worked well in these situations.
rupture could potentially be dangerous and cause either personal injury or
damage to the surroundings.
6.3 The vessel will have a system to me
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5617 − 04 (Reapproved 2010) D5617 − 04 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Test Method for
Multi-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5617; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of geosynthetics to a force that is applied
perpendicular to the initial plane of the sample.
1.2 When the geosynthetic deforms to a prescribed geometric shape (arc of a sphere or ellipsoid) formulations are provided to
convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strain values. These formulations cannot be used for other geometric shapes. With other
geometric shapes, comparative data on deformation versus pressure is obtained.
1.3 This test method is more commonly used to test geomembranes. Permeable materials may also be tested in conjunction with
an impermeable material.
1.4 This test method requires a large diameter pressure vessel (600 mm). Information obtained from this test method may be
more appropriate for design purposes than many small scale index tests such as Test Method D6693 or Test Method
D7003D7003/D7003M.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
D6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties of Nonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced Flexible Polypro-
pylene Geomembranes
D7003D7003/D7003M Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties of Reinforced Geomembranes
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 geosynthetic, n—planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or other geotechnical
engineering related material as an integral part of a man-made project, structure, or system.
3.1.2 multi-axial tension, n—stress in more than one direction.
3.1.3 For definitions of other terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4439.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A pre-cut geosynthetic sample is secured at the edges of a large diameter (600 mm) pressure vessel. Pressure is applied to
the sample to cause out-of-plane deformation and failure. This deformation with pressure information can then be analyzed to
evaluate various materials.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.
Current edition approved March 1, 2010May 1, 2015. Published April 2010June 2015. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as
D5617–04.D5617–04(2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5617-04R10. 10.1520/D5617-04R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5617 − 04 (2015)
FIG. 1 Multi-Axial Burst Apparatus
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Installed geosynthetics are subjected to forces from more than one direction including forces perpendicular to the surfaces
of the geosynthetic. Out of plane deformation of a geosynthetic may be useful in evaluating materials for caps where subsidence
of the subsoil may be problematic.
5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different compared to other relatively small scale index tests and may be beneficial
for design purposes.
5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected, this test can be considered a performance test.
NOTE 1—Although, this test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm, larger diameter vessels will better approximate field performance. However, the user
is cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results and hence may not be comparable.
5.4 For applications where geosynthetics cannot be deformed in the fashion this test method prescribes, this test method should
be considered an index test.
5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method, it is not considered practical as a quality control test.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Fig. 1 shows an example of the test apparatus that can be used in the performance of this test method. The apparatus requires
a pressure vessel rated to a minimum of 690 kPa. The vessel diameter should be 600 mm. Other size vessels may be used but
it is up to the user to establish correlation to the standard size vessel.
6.2 If the vessel has a deflection chamber it should not inhibit the geosynthetic from freely deflecting during the test. The
deflection chamber shall be vented.
6.2.1 Some materials will expand laterally beyond the diameter of the pressure vessel and may contact the sides of the deflection
chamber. In these cases, the test is no longer valid and a different device must be used. Devices without deflection chambers have
worked well in these situations.
6.3 The vessel will have a system to measure pressure and the magnitude of central deflection.
6.3.1 The system for measuring deflection shall be capable of being read to an accuracy of 5 mm.
6.3.2 The system for measuring pressure shall be capable of being read to an accuracy of 3.5 kPa.
6.4 All test shall be conducted at standard laboratory temperatures of 23 6 −2°C.
7. Test Specimen
7.1 Do not use test specimens with defects or any other abnormalities, unless this is the item of interest.
7.2 Cut the test specimen larger than the area of the main sealing force of the vessel.
7.3 If a permeable material such as a geotextile is being tested, an impermeable material such as a geomembrane or thin plastic
sheet has to overlay the permeable material to maintain the pressure in the vessel during the test.
The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this time is BT Technology, Inc., PO Box 49, 320 North Railroad St., Rushville, IL 62681. If you
are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
technical committee, which you may attend.
D5617 − 04 (2015)
7.3.1 When testing permeable materials, the impermeable material shall be more elastic than the permeable material (unless the
combination of the two materials is the desired test variable). This is required so that the permeable material fails first.
7.3.2 Test results on permeable materials will be affected by the impermeable material used in the test.
7.4 Test three replicate specimens on each sample
...
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