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ASTM G9-87(1998)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)

Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)

SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings applied to pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covers the determination of the apparent rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings applied to pipe.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, this test method was withdrawn in March 2007 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jul-1998
Withdrawal Date
20-Mar-2007
ICS
23.040.01 - Pipeline components and pipelines in general
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.48 - Durability of Pipeline Coating and Linings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM G9-07 - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM G9-87(1998) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)ASTM G9-87(1998) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)
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ASTM G9-87(1998) - Standard Test Method for Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings (Withdrawn 2007)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:G9–87(Reapproved1998)
Standard Test Method for
Water Penetration into Pipeline Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5. Apparatus
1.1 This method covers the determination of the apparent 5.1 Immersion Cell—Any suitable nonmetallic vessel to
rate of depth of water penetration into insulating coatings contain the test specimens. Dimensions of the vessel shall
applied to pipe. permit the following requirements:
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded 5.1.1 Test specimens shall be suspended vertically with at
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for least 25 mm (1.0 in.) clearance from the sides and bottom.
information only. 5.1.2 Test specimens shall be separated by not less than 25
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the to 40 mm (1 to 1.5 in.) and a vertically suspended anode shall
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the beplacedatanequaldistancefromeachspecimennotlessthan
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- the separation of distance.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 5.1.3 The test vessel shall be deep enough to allow for
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. immersion of the samples in the electrolyte to the level
specified in 8.1.
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—Commerciallyavailable,glassbatteryjarsin2-dm (0.55-gal)
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and 10-dm (2.7-gal) sizes can be conveniently used with 19-mm
G12 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Film
(0.75-in.) and 51-mm (2.0-in. nominal) diameter specimens, respectively.
Thickness of Pipeline Coatings on Steel
5.1.4 A suitable sample support plate fabricated from a
material having a low dielectric constant shall be used to
3. Summary of Test Method
suspend the samples and anode above the immersion cell. The
3.1 The method consists of an immersion-type test where
support plate shall contain an access hole for the reference
pipe specimens are suspended in an aqueous electrolyte for the
electrode. A typical test cell is illustrated in Fig. 1.
duration of the test period. Electrical measurements of coating
5.2 Electrolyte, consisting of tap water with the addition of
capacitance and dissipation factor are used to follow the water
1 weight % of each of the following technical-grade anhydrous
absorption rate of the test materials.
salts: sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium carbonate.
4. Significance and Use 3
NOTE 2—Add30g(1.05oz)ofsodiumchlorideforeachdm (0.26gal)
of water.
4.1 The deterioration of an insulating coating film is inti-
mately related to its moisture content. The water penetration
5.2.1 The electrolyte in the immersion cell shall be main-
test provides a means for monitoring the passage of moisture
tained at the proper level by regular additions of tap water.The
through a coating material by means of changes in its dielectric
electrolyte shall not be reused after completion of the test.
constant. When expressed in relation to time, the test data will
5.3 Voltage Source—Adirect current power supply, capable
reflect a rate of deterioration which is a characteristic of the
of supplying low ripple voltage shall be used to maintain a
coating material and will bear a relation to its expected useful
potential difference of 6.0 6 0.1 V dc between each of the test
life as an insulating coating. The test for water penetration will
specimens and a common electrode.
also provide information that is useful in establishing the
5.4 Connectors—Wiring connections from the anode to the
optimum coating thickness for a given material.
specimen shall be of No. 18 AWG insulated copper. Attach-
ment to the anode shall be sealed and kept above the level of
the electrolyte.Attachment to the specimen shall be made by a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
method that will allow disconnection from the anode when the
and Related Coatings, Materials andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.48 on Durability of Pipeline Coatings and Linings. measuring bridge is in use. A convenient means for accom-
Current edition approved May 29, 1987. Published July 1987. Originally
plishing this is through the use of insulated pin-type jacks.
published asG9–69T. Last previous editionG9–82.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G9–87 (1998)
5.7 Thickness Gage—Measurements of coating thickness
will be required for this test. Any instrument suitable for use
with Test MethodG12 can be used.
5.8 Anode, fabricated from 4.76-mm (0.1875-in.) diameter
AISI Type 303 stainless-steel rod, and shall be 178 mm (7.00
in.) long, with the upper 50 mm (2.00 in.) threaded to accept a
locking nut.
6. Test Specimen
6.1 The test specimen shall be a representative piece of
production-coated pipe and shall be free of obvious coating
flaws or defects (see Fig. 3). Any suitable diameter and
specimen length can be used. Physical limitations of the
immersion cells suggested in 5.1.3, Note 1, make it necessary
to restrict the over-all sample length to approximately 300 mm
(12.0 in.) for both the 26.7-mm (0.75-in. nominal) and
60.3-mm (2.0-in. nominal) diameter coated pipe specimens.
6.2 The upper and lower ends of the test specimen shall be
plugged and sealed with nonconductive caps of sufficient bulk
to minimize effectively capacitive end effects in the measuring
circuit. For this purpose, an end-cap thickness of from 13 mm
(0.5 in.) to 19 mm (0.75 in.) shall be maintained.
6.2.1 The end-cap material shall have a dielectric constant
in the range from 2 to 6, bond well to the coating surface, and
exhibit a low water-absorption rate. Several commercially
available poly(vinyl chloride)-paraffin compounds, are well
suited for this purpose.They have a melting point in the 150 to
200°C (300 to 390°F) range, can be poured into molds around
FIG. 1 Typical Test Cell
the pipe sample, and appear as resilient, durable solids at room
temperature.
5.5 Capacitance Bridge —Measurements of equivalent
NOTE 4—Using these materials, the end-caps can be applied to the
specimen capacitance and coating dissipation factor shall be
required thickness by repeated dipping of the sample ends into a
made with a low-voltage a-c, resistive-ratio-arm type measur-
molten-wax bath, or through the use of light-weight, disposable molds of
ing bridge having the following characteristics:
aluminumfoilorpaperformedaroundthepipesampletoallowthecasting
5.5.1 Oscillator frequency, 1 kHz 62%,
of the caps directly to the surface of the coated pipe sample.
5.5.2 Series capacitance range, 1 to 1100 pF 61%,
6.3 The end of the specimen which will protrude above the
5.5.3 Series capacitance sensitivity, 0.5 pF,
immersion line shall be provided with a suitable means of
5.5.4 Dissipation factor range, 0.001 to 1.0 at 1 kHz, and
support and a separate wire connection for electrical purposes.
5.5.5 Dissipation factor sensitivity, 0.001 at 1 kHz.
The protruding end of the sample shall be waterproofed with a
5.6 Measuring Circuit—Measurements of specimen capaci-
thin coating of end-cap material (see Fig. 1).
tance and coating dissipation factor shall be made using a
circuit that places the sample unknown in series with the
7. Preliminary Test Measurements
comparison circuit of the measuring bridge. Connection of the
7.1 Coating Thickness—Measure and record the coating
unknown to the measuring bridge shall be made in such a
thickness by
...

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Figures  
EDP/ASA Identification Numbers
for Hubless Pipe  
Fig. 1  
10 ft (3.0 m) in sizes and 5 ft. (1.5 m)
11/2 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8,
10, 12, and 15 in.  
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Method of Specifying Fittings  
Fig. 3  
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1.1 This test method defines procedures for testing vitrified clay pipe lines, using low-pressure air, to demonstrate the integrity of the installed line. Refer to Practice C12.  
1.2 This test method shall be performed on lines after connection laterals, if any, have been plugged and braced adequately to withstand the test pressure, and after the trenches have been backfilled for a sufficient time to generate a significant portion of the ultimate trench load on the pipe line. The time between completion of the backfill operation and low-pressure air testing shall be determined by the approving authority.  
1.3 This test method may also be used as a preliminary test, which enables the installer to demonstrate the condition of the line prior to backfill and further construction activities.  
1.4 This test method is suitable for testing gravity-flow sewer pipe constructed of vitrified clay or combinations of clay and other pipe materials.  
1.5 Terminology C896 is to be used for clarification of terminology in this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM B1020/B1020M-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Seamless Nickel Alloy Mechanical Tubing and Hollow Bar

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seamless nickel alloy tubing for use in mechanical applications or as hollow bar for use in the production of hollow components such as, but not limited to, nozzles, reducers, and couplings by machining where corrosion-resistant or high-temperature strength is needed. The grades covered are listed in Table 1.  
1.2 This specification covers seamless cold-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar, and seamless hot-finished mechanical tubing and hollow bar in sizes up to 123/4 in. [325 mm] in outside nominal diameter (for round tubing) with wall thicknesses or inside diameters as required.  
1.3 Optional supplementary requirements are provided and when desired, shall be stated in the order.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C12-22a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitified clay pipe lines in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe. The external loads on installed vitrified clay pipe are of two general types: (I) dead loads and (2) live loads. For pipes installed in trenches at a given depth, the dead load increases as the trench width, measured at the top of the pipe, increases. Live loads that act at the ground surface are partially transmitted to the pipe. Live loads may be produced by wheel loading, construction equipment or by compactive effort. Classes of bedding and encasements for pipe in trenches are defined as Class D wherein the pipe shall be placed on a firm and unyielding trench bottom with bell holes provided, Class C wherein the pipe shall be bedded in clean coarse-grained gravels and sands, Class B wherein the pipe shall be bedded in suitable material and Class A. Trenches shall be excavated to a width that will provide adequate working space, but not more than the maximum design width. Trench walls shall not be undercut. Bell holes shall be excavated to prevent point loading of the bells or couplings of laid pipe, and to establish full-length support of the pipe barrel. Final backfill need not be compacted to develop field supporting strength of the pipe. Final backfill may require compaction to prevent settlement of the ground surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the proper methods of installing vitrified clay pipe lines by open trench construction methods in order to fully utilize the structural properties of such pipe.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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