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ASTM E810-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry

Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Measurements made by this test method are related to visual observations of retroreflective sheeting as seen by the human eye when illuminated by tungsten-filament light sources such as a motor vehicle headlamp.
The values determined relate to the visual effects for a given geometric configuration as specified by the user of the test method. This test method has been found useful for tests at observation angles between 0.1 and 2.0° (observation angles between 0.1° and 0.2° may be achieved by careful design of source and receiver aperture configuration), and at entrance angles up to 60°. It has been used to determine coefficient of retroreflection values as low as 0.1 cd·lx−1· m−2, but for values less than 1 cd·lx−1· m−2 special attention must be given to the responsivity of the receiver and to the elimination of very small amounts of stray light.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrument measurement of the retroreflective performance of retroreflective sheeting.  
1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entrance and observation angles to be used.  
1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test and requires a facility that can be darkened sufficiently so that stray light does not affect the test results.  
1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipment may be used to determine RA values provided the geometry and appropriate substitutional standard reference panels, measured in accordance with this test method, are utilized. In this case the methods of Procedure B in Practice E809 apply. Additional information on the use of portable retroreflectometers may be found in Test Method E 1709.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Feb-2003
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
E12 - Color and Appearance
Drafting Committee
E12.10 - Retroreflection
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E810-01 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Replaced By
ASTM E810-03(2008) - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
Effective Date
01-Feb-2008
Referred By
ASTM E2540-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.5 Degree Observation Angle
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM D4956-19 - Standard Specification for Retroreflective Sheeting for Traffic Control
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM E179-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM E3165-18 - Standard Test Method for Nighttime Retroreflected Chromaticity of Retroreflective Sheeting
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1709-16(2022) - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectometer at a 0.2 Degree Observation Angle
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8514/D8514M-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Retroreflective Sheeting for Use in High Visibility Vehicle Markings
Effective Date
10-Feb-2003

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ASTM E810-03 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar GeometryASTM E810-03 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
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ASTM E810-03 - Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 810 – 03
Standard Test Method for
Coefficient of Retroreflection of Retroreflective Sheeting
1
Utilizing the Coplanar Geometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E810; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
2
1. Scope Signs Using a Portable Retroreflectivemeter
2.2 Other Document:
1.1 This test method describes an instrument measurement
CIE Publication No 54 Retroreflection—Definition and
of the retroreflective performance of retroreflective sheeting.
4
Measurement
1.2 The user of this test method must specify the entrance
andobservationanglestobeused,andmayspecifytherotation
3. Terminology
angles.
3.1 The terms and definitions in Terminology E284 and
1.3 This test method is intended as a laboratory test and
Practice E808 apply to this test method.
requiresafacilitythatcanbedarkenedsufficientlysothatstray
3.2 Definitions:
light does not affect the test results.The testing apparatus must
3.2.1 coeffıcient of retroreflection, R —of a plane retrore-
A
be able to achieve the coplanar geometry.
flecting surface, the ratio of the coefficient of luminous
1.4 Portable and bench retroreflection measuring equipment
intensity (R) to the area (A), expressed in candelas per lux per
I
maybeusedtodetermine R valuesprovidedthegeometryand
A
−1 −2
square metre (cd·lx ·m ). R = R/A.
A I
appropriatesubstitutionstandardreferencepanels,measuredin
3.2.1.1 Discussion—The equivalent inch–pound units for
accordance with this test method, are utilized. In this case the
coefficient of retroreflection are candelas per foot-candle per
methods of Procedure B in Practice E809 apply. Additional
−1 −2
square foot (cd·fc ·ft ). The SI and inch pound units are
information on the use of portable retroreflectometers may be
numerically equal, because the units of R reduce to 1/sr. An
A
found in Test Method E1709.
equivalenttermusedforcoefficientofretroreflectionisspecific
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
intensity per unit area, with symbol SIAor the CIE symbol R8.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Thetermcoefficientofretroreflectionandthesymbol R along
A
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
with the SI units of candelas per lux per square meter
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
−1
−2
(cd·lx ·m ) are recommended by ASTM.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.1.2 Discussion—R is a useful engineering quantity for
A
2. Referenced Documents determining the photometric performance of such retroreflec-
tive surfaces as highway delineators or warning devices. R
A
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 may also be used to determine the minimum area of retrore-
E284 Terminology of Appearance
flective sheeting necessary for a desired level of photometric
E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by
2 performance. R has been used extensively in the specification
Using the CIE System A
of retroreflective sheeting.
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
3 3.2.2 coplanar geometry, n—retroreflection geometry in
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
2
whichtheretroreflectoraxis,illuminationaxis,andobservation
E808 Practice for Describing Retroreflection
axis lie in one plane.
E809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics
2
3.2.2.1 Discussion—In the coplanar geometry: the second
of Retroreflectors
entrance angle component, b , is equal to 0°; presentation
2
E1709 Test Method for Measurement of Retroreflective
angle, g, is equal to either 0° or 180°; orientation angle, v,is
s
equal to either the rotation angle, e,orto e + 180° or e − 180°.
3.2.3 datum axis, n—adesignatedhalf-linefromtheretrore-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color
flector center perpendicular to the retroreflector axis.
and Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 on
Retroreflection.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as E810–01.
2 4
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. AvailablefromUSNC/CIEPublicationsOffice,TLALightingConsultants,Inc.
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02. 77 Pond St., Salem, MA 01970.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E810–03
3.2.4 datum mark, n— an indication on the retroreflector, 3.2.16 retroreflector center, n—the point on or near a
off the retroreflector axis, that establishes the direction of the retroreflectorth
...

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1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the reflection properties and color of object-color specimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolorimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system, such as an integrating sphere.  
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ASTM E1247-12(2023)(Practice)
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4.1 Several standards, including Practices E991, E1164, and Test Methods E1331, E1348 and E1349, require either the presence or absence of fluorescence exhibited by the specimen for correct application. This practice provides spectrophotometric procedures for identifying the presence of fluorescence in materials.  
4.2 This practice is applicable to all object-color specimens, whether opaque, translucent, or transparent, meeting the requirements for specimens in the appropriate standards listed in 2.1. Translucent specimens should be measured by reflectance, with a standard non-fluorescent backing material, usually but not necessarily black, placed behind the specimen during measurement.  
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1.1 This practice provides a means of specifying the colors of objects in terms of the Munsell color order system, a system based on the color-perception attributes hue, lightness, and chroma. The practice is limited to opaque objects, such as painted surfaces viewed in daylight by an observer having normal color vision. This practice provides a simple visual method as an alternative to the more precise and more complex method based on spectrophotometry and the CIE system (see Practices E308 and E1164). Provision is made for conversion of CIE data to Munsell notation.  
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1.1 This guide is intended for use in establishing the operating characteristics of a visual display unit (VDU), such as a cathode ray tube (CRT). Those characteristics define the relationship between the digital information supplied by a computer, which defines an image, and the resulting spectral radiant exitance and CIE tristimulus values. The mathematical description of this relationship can be used to provide a nearby device-independent model for the accurate display of color and colored images on the VDU. The CIE tristimulus values referred to here are those calculated from the CIE 1931 2° standard colorimetric (photopic) observer.  
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ASTM E179-17(2022)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement of Reflection and Transmission Properties of Materials

SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended for use in selecting terminology, measurement scales, and instrumentation for describing or evaluating such appearance characteristics as glossiness, opacity, lightness, transparency, and haziness in terms of reflected or transmitted light. This guide does not consider the spectral variations responsible for color, but the geometric variables described herein can importantly affect instrumentally measured values of color. This guide is general in scope rather than specific as to instrument or material.  
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ASTM E2301-12(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Daytime Colorimetric Properties of Fluorescent Retroreflective Sheeting and Marking Materials for High Visibility Traffic Control and Personal Safety Applications Using 45°:Normal Geometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.  
5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.  
5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.  
5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.  
5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.
Note 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.  
5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.  
1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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ASTM E1477-98a(2022)(Test Method)
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5.3 Acoustical materials generally have a non-glossy white or near-white finish. The types of surface cover a wide range from smooth to deeply fissured. Measurement with integrating-sphere reflectometers has been satisfactory although multiple measurements may be required to sample the surface adequately. Instruments with other types of optical measuring systems may be used if it can be demonstrated that they provide equivalent results.  
5.4 The use of this test method for determining the luminous reflectance factor is required by Classification E1264.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the luminous reflectance factor of acoustical materials for use in predicting the levels of room illumination.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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