ASTM G126-00(2008)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
Standard Terminology Relating to the Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines terms related to the compatibility and sensitivity of materials in oxygen enriched atmospheres. It includes those standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04.
1.2 The terminology concentrates on terms commonly encountered in and specific to practices and methods used to evaluate the compatibility and sensitivity of materials in oxygen. This evaluation is usually performed in a laboratory environment, and this terminology does not attempt to include laboratory terms.
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Designation: G126 − 00 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Terminology Relating to the
Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen
Enriched Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope G94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
G114 Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Poly-
1.1 This terminology defines terms related to the compat-
meric Materials Used in Oxygen Service
ibility and sensitivity of materials in oxygen enriched atmo-
G120 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Con-
spheres. It includes those standards under the jurisdiction of
tamination by Soxhlet Extraction
ASTM Committee G04.
G121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Cou-
1.2 The terminology concentrates on terms commonly en-
pons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
countered in and specific to practices and methods used to
G122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of
evaluate the compatibility and sensitivity of materials in
Cleaning Agents
oxygen. This evaluation is usually performed in a laboratory
G124 Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behav-
environment, and this terminology does not attempt to include
ior of Metallic Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmo-
laboratory terms.
spheres
G125 Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Material
2. Referenced Documents
Fire Limits in Gaseous Oxidants
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G127 Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for
D2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen
Oxygen-Enriched Systems
Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of
G128 Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen
Plastics (Oxygen Index)
Enriched Systems
G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-
G131 Practice for Cleaning of Materials and Components by
gen Service
Ultrasonic Techniques
G72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of
G136 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Con-
Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched
taminants in Materials by Ultrasonic Extraction
Environment
G144 Test Method for Determination of Residual Contami-
G74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Nonmetallic
nation of Materials and Components by Total Carbon
Materials and Components by Gaseous Fluid Impact
Analysis Using a HighTemperature CombustionAnalyzer
G86 Test Method for Determining Ignition Sensitivity of
G145 Guide for Studying Fire Incidents in Oxygen Systems
Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxy-
gen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen Envi-
3. Terminology
ronments
G88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service
3.1 Definitions:
G93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels
autoignition temperature (AIT), n— the lowest temperature
for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched
at which a material will spontaneously ignite in an oxygen-
Environments
enriched atmosphere under specific test conditions.
G63, G72, G94, G128
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on
contaminant, n—unwanted molecular or particulate matter
Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen EnrichedAtmospheres and is
that could adversely affect or degrade the operation, life, or
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
reliability of the systems or components upon which it
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as G126 – 00. DOI:
resides. G93, G120, G121, G131, G136, G144
10.1520/G0126-00R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contaminate, v—to make unfit for use, either intentionally or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
unintentionally, by introduction of a contaminant. G131,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. G136
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
G126 − 00 (2008)
contamination, n—(1) the amount of unwanted molecular or polymers, such as naturally occurring rubber, wood, and
particulate matter in a system; (2) the process or condition of cloth.) Nonmetallic is the adjective form of this term.
being contaminated. G63, G93, G94, G128
DISCUSSION—Contamination and cleanliness are opposing properties:
nonvolatile residue (NVR), n—molecular or particulate mat-
increasing cleanliness implies decreasing contamination.
ter remaining following the filtration and controlled evapo-
G93, G120, G121, G131, G136, G144
ration of a liquid containing contaminants.
control coupon (also witness coupon), n—(1) a coupon made
G120, G121, G131, G136, G144
fromthesamematerialandpreparedinexactlythesameway
operating pressure, n—the pressure expected under normal
as the test coupons which is used to verify the validity of the
operating conditions. G63, G94
method or part thereof (G120, G131); (2) a coupon made
from the same material as the test coupons but in this test
operating temperature, n—the temperature expected under
method is not coated with the contaminant (G121).
normal operating conditions. G63, G94
DISCUSSION—(1) in this practice, the control coupon is contaminated
in the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected to the identical
oxygen compatibility (also oxidant compatibility), n—the
extraction procedure (G120); (2) in this practice, the control coupon is
ability of a substance to coexist with both oxygen and a
contaminated in the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected
potential source(s) of ignition at an expected pressure and
to the identical cleaning procedure (G131).
temperature with a magnitude of risk acceptable to the user.
degas, v—the process of removing gases from a liquid. G131, G93, G125, G128, G145
G136
oxygen-enriched, adj—containing more than 25 mole percent
oxygen. G63, G88, G94, G128, G145
direct oxygen service, n—service in contact with oxygen-
DISCUSSION—Other standards such as those publiched by NFPA and
enriched atmosphere during normal operations. G63, G88,
OSHA differ from the definition in their specification of oxygen
G94
concentration.
DISCUSSION—Examples are oxygen compressor piston rings or con-
trol valve seats.
particle (particulate contaminant), n—a piece of matter in a
solid state with observable length, width, and thickness.
impact-ignition resistance, n—the resistance of a material to
DISCUSSION—The size of a particle is usually defined by its greatest
ignition when struck by an object in an oxygen-enriched
dimension and is specified in micrometers.
atmosphere under a specific test procedure.
G120, G121, G131, G136, G144
G63, G94, G128
qualified technical personnel, n— persons such as engineers
indirect oxygen service, n—service in which oxygen is not
and chemists who, by virtue of education, training, or
normally but may be contacted as a result of an operator
experience, know how to apply physical and chemical
error, or process disturbance, such as liquid oxygen tank
principles involved in the reactions between oxidants and
insulationorliquidoxygenpumpmotorbearings. G63, G88,
other materials. G63, G88, G94, G128, G145
G94
DISCUSSION—Examples include, liquid oxygen tank insulation or
reaction effect, n—the personnel injury, facility damage,
liquid oxgen pump motor bearings.
product loss, downtime, or mission loss that could occur as
the result of an oxygen fire. G63, G94
maximum use pressure, n—the greatest pressure to which a
material can be subjected as a result of a reasonably
surface roughness, R , n—the arithmetic average deviation of
a
foreseeable malfunction, operator error or process distur-
the surface profile from the centerline, normally reported in
bance. G63, G94
micrometers. G121, G122
maximum use temperature, n—the greatest temperature to 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
which a material can be subjected as a result of a reasonably
aging, n—the exposure of a material to individual or combined
foreseeable malfunction, operator error, or process distur-
stresses such as time, temperature, pressure, abrasion, ion-
bance. G63, G94
izing radiation, light, impact with gas or particles, tensile or
compressive force (either static or cyclic), contact with other
molecular contaminant, n—nonparticulate contaminant that
materials or chemicals, or any other feature that may be
may exist in either a gaseous, liquid, or solid s
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:G126–94 Designation:G126–00 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Terminology Relating to the
Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen
Enriched Atmospheres
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G 126; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology defines terms related to the compatibility and sensitivity of materials in oxygen enriched atmospheres. It
includes those standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-4. G04.
1.2 The terminology concentrates on terms commonly encountered in and specific to practices and methods used to evaluate
the compatibility and sensitivity of materials in oxygen.This evaluation is usually performed in a laboratory environment, and this
terminology does not attempt to include laboratory terms.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
G63Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service
D 2863 Test Method for Measuring the Minimum Oxygen Concentration to Support Candle-Like Combustion of Plastics
(Oxygen Index)
G 63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service
G 72 Test Method for Autogenous Ignition Temperature of Liquids and Solids in a High-Pressure Oxygen-Enriched
Environment
G72TestMethodforAutogenousIgnitionTemperatureofLiquidsandSolidsinaHigh-PressureOxygen-EnrichedEnvironment
74 Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Gaseous Fluid Impact
G74Test Method for Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Gaseous Fluid Impact 86 Test Method for Determining Ignition
Sensitivity of Materials to Mechanical Impact in Ambient Liquid Oxygen and Pressurized Liquid and Gaseous Oxygen
Environments
G 88 Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service
G 93 Practice for Cleaning Methods and Cleanliness Levels for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched
Environments
G 94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
G 114 Practices for Evaluating the Age Resistance of Polymeric Materials Used in Oxygen Service
G 120 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Contamination by Soxhlet Extraction
G 121 Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
G 122 Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents
G 124 Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behavior of Metallic Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres
G 125 Test Method for Measuring Liquid and Solid Material Fire Limits in Gaseous Oxidants
G86Test Method for Determining the Ignition Sensitivity of Materials to Mechanical Impact in Pressurized Oxygen
Environments
G88Guide for Designing Systems for Oxygen Service
G93Practice for Cleaning Methods for Material and Equipment Used in Oxygen-Enriched Environments
G94Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
G120Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents
G121Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G-4 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.03 on Nomenclature and Definitions.
Current edition approved August 15, 1994. Published March 1995.
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.03 on Terminology.
Current edition approved April 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as G 126 – 00.
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 14.02.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
G126–00 (2008)
G122Test Method for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Cleaning Agents 127 Guide for the Selection of Cleaning Agents for
Oxygen Systems
G 128 Guide for Control of Hazards and Risks in Oxygen Enriched Systems
G 131 Practice for Cleaning of Materials and Components by Ultrasonic Techniques
G 136 Practice for Determination of Soluble Residual Contaminants in Materials by Ultrasonic Extraction
G 144 TestMethodforDeterminationofResidualContaminationofMaterialsandComponentsbyTotalCarbonAnalysisUsing
a High Temperature Combustion Analyzer
G 145 Guide for Studying Fire Incidents in Oxygen Systems
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
aging—the exposure of a material to stress, such stress of which may include time, pressure, contact with materials or chemicals,
temperature, abrasion, ionizing radiation, light, impact with gas or particles, tensile or compressive force (either static or cyclic),
or any other feature that may be present during a material’s service life. These stressors may be present individually or in
combination. G114 autoignition temperature (AIT), n— the lowest temperature at which a material will spontaneously
ignite in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere under specific test conditions.
G 63, G 72, G 94, G 128
artificial aging—aging in which a stress variable is outside the domain of exposure that the material might see in a component
for oxygen service or in which an alternative mechanism is used to produce an effect that simulates the results of natural aging.
The degree of artificiality may vary on a large scale.An example of mild artificiality might be exposure of a material to a greater
pressure than it experiences in the use conditions.An example of extreme artificiality would be the use of sand paper to increase
a material’s surface roughness to simulate particle-impact abrasion that occurs in the use condition.Ahigh degree of artificiality
affects the strength of conclusion that can be drawn, because it may be difficult to relate the results to the use condition.Artificial
aging that accelerates natural aging but does not alter it is preferred. G114 contaminant, n—unwanted molecular or par-
ticulate matter that could adversely affect or degrade the operation, life, or reliability of the systems or components upon
which it resides. G 93, G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144
autoignition temperature—the lowest temperature at which a material will spontaneously ignite in oxygen under specific test
conditions. G63, G95 contaminate, v—to make unfit for use, either intentionally or unintentionally, by introduction of a
contaminant. G 131, G 136
blank, contamination, n—the contamination level of the fluid when the test coupon is omitted. —( 1) the amount of unwanted
molecular or particulate matter in a system; (2) the process or condition of being contaminated.
DISCUSSION—Sometimes referred to as “background” level. G121 —Contamination and cleanliness are opposing properties:
increasing cleanliness implies decreasing contamination.
G 93, G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144
cleaning effectiveness factor (CEF), control coupon (also witness coupon) , n—the fraction of contaminant removed from an
initially contaminated test coupon and determined by gravimetric techniques. G122
contaminant—(—(1) a foreign or unwanted substance that can have deleterious effects on system operation, life or reliability. ()
a coupon made from the same material and prepared in exactly the same way as the test coupons which is used to verify the
validity of the method or part thereof (G 120, G 131); (2) unwanted molecular and particulate matter that could affect or
degrade the performance of the components upon which they reside. G93, G120, G121 ) a coupon made from the same
material as the test coupons but in this test method is not coated with the contaminant (G 121).
DISCUSSION—(1) in this practice, the control coupon is contaminated in the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected to the identical
extraction procedure (G 120); (2) in this practice, the control coupon is contaminated in the same manner as the test coupons and is subjected to the
identical cleaning procedure (G 131).
contamination, degas, v—the process of removing gases from a liquid. G 131, G 136
direct oxygen service, n—a process of contaminating. G120, G121 —service in contact with oxygen-enriched atmosphere
during normal operations. G 63, G 88, G 94
DISCUSSION—Examples are oxygen compressor piston rings or control valve seats.
control coupon (witness coupon), impact-ignition resistance, n—a coupon made from the same material and prepared in exactly
the same way as the test coupons, which is used to verify the validity of the method or part thereof. G120, G121 —the
resistance of a material to ignition when struck by an object in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere under a specific test
procedure.
G 63, G 94, G 128
direct oxygen service—component surfaces in contact with oxygen-enriched environments during normal operations. Examples
include oxygen compressor piston rings, control valve seats, pipes, regulators, vessels and fittings. G63, G88, G93, G94
indirect oxygen service, n—service in which oxygen is not normally but may be contacted as a result of an operator error, or
G126–00 (2008)
process disturbance, such as liquid oxygen tank insulation or liquid oxygen pump motor bearings. G 63, G 88, G 94
DISCUSSION—Examples include, liquid oxygen tank insulation or liquid oxgen pump motor bearings.
fibers—particulate matter with a length of 100 µm or greater, and a length-to-width ratio of 10 to 1 or greater. G93 maxi-
mum use pressure, n—the greatest pressure to which a material can be subjected as a result of a reasonably foreseeable mal-
function, operator error or process disturbance. G 63, G 94
impact ignition resistance—the resistance of a material to ignition when struck by an object in an oxygen atmosphere under a
specific test procedure. G63, G94 maximum use temperature, n—the greatest temperature to which a material can be sub-
jected as a result of a reasonably foreseeable malfunction, operator error, or process disturbance. G 63, G 94
indirect oxygen service—service in which oxygen is not normally contacted but in which it might be as a result of a reasonably
foreseeable malfunction, operator error, or process disturbance. Examples: liquid oxygen tank insulation, liquid oxygen pump
motor bearings. G63, G88, G93, G94 molecular contaminant, n—nonparticulate contaminant that may exist in either a
gaseous, liquid, or solid state.
DISCUSSION—Molecular contaminant may be uniformly or nonuniformly distributed as a solution or an emulsion or may be in the form of droplets.
Molecular contaminants account for most of what constitutes nonvolatile residue. G 120, G 121, G 136, G 144
inorganics—being or composed of matter other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or matter that is not of plant or animal
origin. G93 nonmetal, n—any material other than a metal, nonpolymeric alloy, or any composite in which the metallic
component is not the most easily ignited component and for which the individual constituents cannot be evaluated indepen-
dently, including (ceramics, such as glass, synthetic polymers, such as most rubbers, thermoplastics, and thermosets, and natu-
ral polymers, such as naturally occurring rubber, wood, and cloth.) Nonmetallic is the adjective form of this term. G 63,
G 93, G 94, G 128
maximum use pressure—the maximum pressure to which a material can be subjected due to a reasonably foreseeable
malfunction, operator error, or process upset. G63, G94 nonvolatile residue (NVR), n—molecular or particulate matter re-
maining following the filtration and controlled evaporation of a liquid containing contaminants.
G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144
maximum use temperature—the maximum temperature to which a material can be subjected due to a reasonably forseeable
malfunction, operator error, or process upset. G63, G94 operating pressure, n—the pressure expected under normal operat-
ing conditions. G 63, G 94
molecular contaminant (non-particulate contamination), operating temperature, n—the molecular contaminant may be in a
gaseous, liquid, or solid state. —the temperature expected under normal operating conditions. G 63, G 94
oxygen compatibility (also oxidant compatibility), n—the ability of a substance to coexist with both oxygen and a potential
source(s) of ignition at an expected pressure and temperature with a magnitude of risk acceptable to the user. G 93, G 125,
G 128, G 145
oxygen-enriched, adj—containing more than 25 mole percent oxygen. G 63, G 88, G 94, G 128, G 145
DISCUSSION—It may be uniformly or non-uniformly distributed, or be in the form of droplets. Molecular contaminants account for most of the NVR.
G120, G121 —Other standards such as those publiched by NFPA and OSHA differ from the definition in their specifi-
cation of oxygen concentration.
natural aging—aging in which the material is exposed to conditions replicating those that are present in actual service in a
component for oxygen service. G14 particle (particulate contaminant), n—a piece of matter in a solid state with observ-
able length, width, and thickness.
DISCUSSION—The size of a particle is usually defined by its greatest dimension and is specified in micrometers.
G 120, G 121, G 131, G 136, G 144
nonmetallic—any material, other than a metal, or any composite in which the metal is not the most easily ignited component and
for which the individual constituents cannot be evaluated independently. G63, G94 qualified technical personnel, n— per-
sons such as engineers and chemists who, by virtue of education, training, or experience, know how to apply physical and
chemical principles involved in the reactions between oxidants and other materials. G 63, G 88, G 94, G 128, G 145
nonmetallics—organic and inorganic materials such as ceramics, glasses, polymers, rubber, cloth, wood, and paper products.
G93 reaction effect, n—the personnel injury, facility damage, product loss, downtime, or mission loss that could occur as the
result of an oxygen fire. G 63, G 94
nonvolatile residue (NVR), , surface roughness, R,n—residual molecular and particulate matter remaining following the
a
filtration of a solvent containing
...
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