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ASTM D4863-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants

Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The oil in a two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine is either mixed with the fuel prior to use or is metered into the fuel supply at, or at some point prior to, its passage into the engine crankcase. The possibility of the amount of oil actually present in the engine being less than optimum always exists. Also, with some oil metering systems short periods of operation with less oil than desirable can occur when the power is increased suddenly. It has also been found that the incidence of piston scuff early in the life of the engine may be related to the lubricity of the oil used as defined by test procedures of this type.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2008
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4863-02 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D4863-10 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Referred By
ASTM D6618-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in Diesel Four-Stroke Cycle Supercharged 1M-PC Single Cylinder Oil Test Engine
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6923-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1R Test Procedure
Effective Date
01-Dec-2008

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ASTM D4863-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsASTM D4863-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
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REDLINE ASTM D4863-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine LubricantsREDLINE ASTM D4863-08 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engine Lubricants
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D4863–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engine Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
2 Ignition Engine Fuel
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to
D2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
ignition gasoline engines.
parison Technique
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Prod-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
ucts by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
standard.
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
LubricantstoMinimizeRingStickingandPistonDeposits
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Out-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
boards
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle
2. Referenced Documents Gasoline Engines
3
E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying Observations
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate,
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-
and Rolled Bar
4
Stroke Engine Oils
D439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
3. Terminology
ity)
3.1 Definitions:
D664 Test Method forAcid Number of Petroleum Products
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal com-
by Potentiometric Titration
bustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils
any portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston
and Additives
crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kine-
surface of the cylinder head including any spark plugs and
matic Viscosity at 40 and 100°C
other inserted components. D4858
3.1.2 lubricity—aqualitativetermdescribingtheabilityofa
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
lubricant to minimize friction between and damage to surfaces
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
in relative motion under load.
D02.B0.06 on Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
3.1.3 preignition—in a spark-ignition engine, ignition of
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4863–02. DOI:
the mixture of fuel and air in the combustion chamber before
10.1520/D4863-08.
the passage of the spark. D4858
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center
3.1.4 scuff, scuffıng—in lubrication, damage caused by
will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters.These can
instantaneous localized welding between surfaces in relative
beobtainedfromtheASTMTestMonitoringCenter,6555PennAve.,Pittsburgh,PA
15206–4489. ATT: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Infor-
motion which does not result in immobilization of the parts.
mation Letters through No. 01–4.
3.1.5 spark plug fouling—deposition of essentially noncon-
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
ducting material onto the electrodes of a spark plug that may,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
4 5
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street,
on www.astm.org. London W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4863–08
NOTE 2—The engine designation normally includes a final letter
but will not necessarily, prevent the plug from operating.
i
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4863–02 Designation:D4863–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engine Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition
gasoline engines.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
4
D439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
5
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2885 Test Method for Research and Motor Determination of Octane Ratings Using Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
5
by On-Line Analyzers Direct Comparison Technique
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
D4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
Engines
E178 Practice for Dealing withWith Outlying Observations
5
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002.Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002002 as
D4863–002.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can be
obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489. ATT: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information
Letters through No. 01–4.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 02.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 05.01.
4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
5
Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4863–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner surface of the
cylinder head including any spark plugs and other inserted components. D 4858
3.1.2 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a lubricant to minimize frictio
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4863–02 Designation:D4863–08
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Lubricity of Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
1
Engine Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4863; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
2
1.1 This test method evaluates the ability of lubricants to minimize piston and bore scuffing in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition
gasoline engines.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.3The values stated in SI units are the standard. The values in parentheses are provided for information only.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B152/B152M Specification for Copper Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Rolled Bar
4
D439 Specification for Automotive Gasoline
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D874 Test Method for Sulfated Ash from Lubricating Oils and Additives
5
D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40°40 and 100°C 100C
D2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
D2885 Test Method for Research and Motor Determination of Octane Ratings Using Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
5
by On-Line Analyzers Direct Comparison Technique
D2896 Test Method for Base Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
D4857 Test Method for Determination of the Ability of Lubricants to Minimize Ring Sticking and Piston Deposits in
Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline Engines Other Than Outboards
D4858 Test Method for Determination of the Tendency of Lubricants to Promote Preignition in Two-Stroke-Cycle Gasoline
Engines
E178 Practice for Dealing withWith Outlying Observations
5
2.2 Coordinating European Council (CEC) Standard
CEC L-19-T-77 The Evaluation of the Lubricity of Two-Stroke Engine Oils
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.06
on Automotive Lubricants. Two-Stroke Cycle Gasoline.
Current edition approved Nov. 10, 2002.Dec. 1, 2008. Published January 2003.2009. Originally approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 20002002 as
D4863–002.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in this test method by means of Information Letters. These can be
obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206–4489. ATT: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all Information
Letters through No. 01–4.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
, Vol 02.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 05.01.
4
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
5
Order from the Coordinating European Council, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1M 8AR, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4863–08
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 combustion chamber—in reciprocating internal combustion engines, the volume bounded by the piston crown and any
portion of the cylinder walls extending above the piston crown when in the top dead center position, and the inner surface of the
cylinder head including any spark plugs and other inserted components. D 4858
3.1.2 lubricity—a qualitative term describing the ability of a lubricant to minimize frictio
...

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4.2 This practice is also intended to help users monitor the condition of mineral lubricating oils and guard against excessive component wear, oil degradation, or contamination, thereby minimizing the potential of catastrophic machine problems that are more likely to occur in the absence of such an oil condition monitoring program.  
4.3 This practice does not necessarily reference all of the current oil testing technologies and is not meant to preclude the use of alternative instrumentation or test methods that provide meaningful or trendable test data, or both. Some oil testing devices and sensors (typically used for screening oils that will be tested according to standard methods) provide trendable indicators that correlate to water, particulates, and other contaminants but do not directly measure these.  
4.4 This practice is intended for mineral oil products, and not for synthetic type of products, with the exception of phosphate esters fluids typically used in power plant control systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.
Note 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5707-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2412-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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