ASTM E1354-08a

Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used primarily to determine the heat evolved in, or contributed to, a fire involving products of the test material. Also included is a determination of the effective heat of combustion, mass loss rate, the time to sustained flaming, and smoke production. These properties are determined on small size specimens that are representative of those in the intended end use.
This test method is applicable to various categories of products and is not limited to representing a single fire scenario. Additional guidance for testing is given in X1.2.3 and X1.11.
This test method is not applicable to end-use products that do not have planar, or nearly planar, external surfaces.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream. The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m2. External ignition, when used, shall be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 This test method has been developed for use for material and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design purposes, or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components used in the end-use product.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 14-Dec-2008
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E05 - Fire Standards
• Drafting Committee: E05.21 - Smoke and Combustion Products

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1354-08 - Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Replaced By: ASTM E1354-09 - Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D7032-21 - Standard Specification for Establishing Performance Ratings for Wood-Plastic Composite and Plastic Lumber Deck Boards, Stair Treads, Guards, and Handrails
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2536-21 - Standard Guide for Assessment of Measurement Uncertainty in Fire Tests
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1822-21 - Standard Test Method for Fire Testing of Stacked Chairs
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM C1482-23 - Standard Specification for Polyimide Flexible Cellular Thermal and Sound Absorbing Insulation
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM F1085-19 - Standard Specification for Mattress and Box Springs for Use in Berths in Marine Vessels
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D5424-23a - Standard Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insulating Materials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray Configuration
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2707-22 - Standard Test Method for Determining Fire Penetration of Exterior Wall Assemblies Using a Direct Flame Impingement Exposure
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM D4976-12a(2020) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E3367-23 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Combustion Behavior of Layered Assemblies using a Cone Calorimeter
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E1623-22a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fire and Thermal Parameters of Materials, Products, and Systems Using an Intermediate Scale Calorimeter (ICAL)
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2102-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Mass Loss and Ignitability for Screening Purposes Using a Conical Radiant Heater
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E2280-21 - Standard Guide for Fire Hazard Assessment of the Effect of Upholstered Seating Furniture Within Patient Rooms of Health Care Facilities
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008
• Referred By: ASTM E906/E906M-21 - Standard Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
• Effective Date: 15-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Please contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1354–08a
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
1
Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of
actual fire conditions.
radiant heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
heatreleaserates,masslossrates,effectiveheatofcombustion,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and visible smoke development of materials and products.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
statements, see Section 7.
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.
The effective heat of combustion is determined from a con-
2. Referenced Documents
comitant measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combi-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
nation with the heat release rate. Smoke development is
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and
measured by obscuration of light by the combustion product
Coke
stream.
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the
2
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall
ASTM Test Methods
be by electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke
of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant
Generated by Solid Materials
material or performance standard (see X1.2). The normal
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
whether the end-use application involves a horizontal or a
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release
vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for
Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile
vertical orientation testing; this is used for exploratory or
Method
diagnostic studies only.
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability
from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
3
of building materials
1.6 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedforuseformaterial
ISO 5725 Precision of test methods—determination of re-
and product evaluations, mathematical modeling, design pur-
peatability and reproducibility for a standard test method
poses, or development and research. Examples of material
3
by inter-laboratory tests
specimens include portions of an end-use product or the
various components used in the end-use product.
3. Terminology
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
method, refer to Terminology E176.
standard.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Fire contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke and Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Combustion Products. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1354-08. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
NOTICE: This standard has either been
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1354–08 Designation:E1354–08a
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
1
Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant
heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and
visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant
measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by
obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
2
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall be by
electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or
performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use
application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing;
this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedforuseformaterialandproductevaluations,mathematicalmodeling,designpurposes,
or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components
used in the end-use product.
1.7The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability of building materials
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandardsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.21onSmokeandCombustion
Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 1,Dec. 15, 2008. Published February 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
E1354-04a. E1354-08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ---------------------
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:E1354–08 Designation:E1354–08a
Standard Test Method for
Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and
1
Products Using an Oxygen Consumption Calorimeter
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This fire-test-response standard provides for measuring the response of materials exposed to controlled levels of radiant
heating with or without an external ignitor.
1.2 This test method is used to determine the ignitability, heat release rates, mass loss rates, effective heat of combustion, and
visible smoke development of materials and products.
1.3 The rate of heat release is determined by measurement of the oxygen consumption as determined by the oxygen
concentration and the flow rate in the exhaust product stream.The effective heat of combustion is determined from a concomitant
measurement of specimen mass loss rate, in combination with the heat release rate. Smoke development is measured by
obscuration of light by the combustion product stream.
2
1.4 Specimens shall be exposed to heating fluxes in the range of 0 to 100 kW/m . External ignition, when used, shall be by
electric spark. The value of the heating flux and the use of external ignition are to be as specified in the relevant material or
performance standard (see X1.2). The normal specimen testing orientation is horizontal, independent of whether the end-use
application involves a horizontal or a vertical orientation. The apparatus also contains provisions for vertical orientation testing;
this is used for exploratory or diagnostic studies only.
1.5 Ignitability is determined as a measurement of time from initial exposure to time of sustained flaming.
1.6 Thistestmethodhasbeendevelopedforuseformaterialandproductevaluations,mathematicalmodeling,designpurposes,
or development and research. Examples of material specimens include portions of an end-use product or the various components
used in the end-use product.
1.7The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D5865 Test Method for Gross Calorific Value of Coal and Coke
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E662 Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E906 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke Release Rates for Materials and Products Using a Thermopile Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
3
ISO 5657-1986(E) Fire Tests—reaction to fire—ignitability of building materials
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE05onFireStandardsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeE05.21onSmokeandCombustion
Products.
Current edition approved Jan. 1,Dec. 15, 2008. Published February 2008.January 2009. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20042008 as
E1354-04a.E1354-08.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail]ards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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...