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ASTM F1476-01(2006)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications

Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the performance characteristics and qualification tests required for gasketed mechanical couplings including grooved-type mechanical couplings for grooved end pipe, mechanical restraint couplings for plain end pipe and mechanical compression couplings for plain end pipe. These couplings are for use at temperatures within the recommended temperature range of their respective gaskets. Consult manufacturer for details.
1.2 The values stated in metric units (SI) are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses (inch/pound) are provided for information purposes.
1.3 Measuring and test equipment (MTE) used in the performance of the tests described herein shall be calibrated using equipment which is traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) or calibrated in accordance with the requirements detailed in BS 5781 Part 1 against standards traceable to National Standards.
1.4 As this is not a dimensional standard, nor does it contain component dimensions, the intermixing of sub-components such as gaskets and housings between manufacturers is not recommended and constitutes non-conformance with this standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2006
ICS
23.040.60 - Flanges, couplings and joints
Technical Committee
F25 - Ships and Marine Technology
Drafting Committee
F25.11 - Machinery and Piping Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F1476-01 - Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Replaced By
ASTM F1476-07 - Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Referred By
ASTM A395/A395M-99(2022) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Temperatures
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM F1155-10(2019) - Standard Practice for Selection and Application of Piping System Materials
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006
Referred By
ASTM F1548-01(2023) - Standard Specification for Performance of Fittings for Use with Gasketed Mechanical Couplings Used in Piping Applications
Effective Date
01-Dec-2006

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ASTM F1476-01(2006) - Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping ApplicationsASTM F1476-01(2006) - Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
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ASTM F1476-01(2006) - Standard Specification for Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in Piping Applications
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14 pages
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: F 1476 – 01 (Reapproved 2006)
Standard Specification for
Performance of Gasketed Mechanical Couplings for Use in
Piping Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 1476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless
1.1 This specification provides the performance character-
A135 Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel
istics and qualification tests required for gasketed mechanical
Pipe
couplings including grooved-type mechanical couplings for
A153/A153M SpecificationforZincCoating(Hot-Dip)on
grooved end pipe, mechanical restraint couplings for plain end
Iron and Steel Hardware
pipeandmechanicalcompressioncouplingsforplainendpipe.
A183 Specification for Carbon Steel Track Bolts and Nuts
These couplings are for use at temperatures within the recom-
A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless
mended temperature range of their respective gaskets. Consult
Steel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or High
manufacturer for details.
Pressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applications
1.2 The values stated in metric units (SI) are to be regarded
A194/A194M Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel
as the standard. The values given in parentheses (inch/pound)
Nuts for Bolts for High Pressure or High Temperature
are provided for information purposes.
Service, or Both
1.3 Measuring and test equipment (M&TE) used in the
A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
performance of the tests described herein shall be calibrated
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
using equipment which is traceable to the National Institute of
A 395/A 395M Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron
Standards and Technology (NIST) or calibrated in accordance
Pressure-Retaining Castings for Use at Elevated Tempera-
with the requirements detailed in BS5781 Part 1 against
tures
standards traceable to National Standards.
A536 Specification for Ductile Iron Castings
1.4 Asthisisnotadimensionalstandard,nordoesitcontain
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
component dimensions, the intermixing of sub-components
A 574 Specification for Alloy Steel Socket-Head Cap
such as gaskets and housings between manufacturers is not
Screws
recommended and constitutes non-conformance with this stan-
A743/A743M Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium,
dard.
Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Application
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
B26/B26M Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Sand Cast-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ings
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
B88 Specification for Seamless Copper Water Tube
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
B580 Specification for Anodic Oxide Coatings on Alumi-
2. Referenced Documents
num
B633 Specification for Electrodeposited Coatings of Zinc
2.1 ASTM Standards:
on Iron and Steel
A47/A47M Specification for Ferritic Malleable Iron Cast-
D2000 Classification System for Rubber Products inAuto-
ings
motive Applications
F837 Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head Cap
This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F25 on Ships
Screws
and Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F25.11 on
2.2 ANSI, ANSI/ASQC, or ANSI/AWWA Standards:
Machinery and Piping Systems.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published January 2007. Originally
B36.10 —Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as F1476–01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 1476 – 01 (2006)
B36.19 —Stainless Steel Pipe fitting, forming a joint. Grooves conform to ANSI/AWWA
C151/A21.51 —Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast in Standard C606–87 as applicable. Groove dimensions for
Metal Molds or Sand-Lined Molds, for Water or Other tubing and other sizes and types of pipes shall be as specified
Liquids by the manufacturer. See Fig. 1.
C606 —Grooved and Shouldered Joints 3.1.7.1 grooved mechanical coupling housing—the struc-
Z1.4 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by tural parts of a grooved mechanical coupling which mechani-
Attributes cally fit into pipe or fitting grooves providing mechanical pipe
Z540.1 Calibration Laboratories in Measuring Test Equip- or fitting restraint and enclosure of the gasket.
ment 3.1.8 plain end mechanical coupling:
2.3 NFPA Standards: 3.1.8.1 (Type II—Classes 1 and 2)—Device consisting of
NFPA13 —Sprinkler Systems gasket(s), housing(s), sleeve(s), end rings, threaded fasteners,
2.4 British Standards: pipe or fitting anchoring (gripping) features and seal retainers
BS1706 Method for Specifying Electro Plated Coatings of as applicable. These devices are used to create a seal and
Zinc and Cadmium on Iron and Steel restrain plain end pipe or fittings. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
BS2494 Specification for Elastomeric Seals for Joints in 3.1.8.2 (Type II—Class 3)—Device consisting of gasket(s),
Pipework and Pipelines housing(s), sleeve, end rings and threaded fasteners as appli-
BS5781 (IEC 550) Measurement and Calibration Systems cable. Tightening of the fasteners compresses the gasket(s),
BS6104 Mechanical Properties of Fasteners creating a seal on the outside of the plain end pipe. See Fig. 4.
BS6105 (ISO 3506) Corrosion Resistant Stainless Steel 3.1.9 joint—interface formed between pipe and pipe, pipe
Fasteners and fitting, or fitting and fitting where a GMC is used to seal
within a specified working pressure this interface and where
3. Terminology
applicable, provide mechanical holding strength.
3.1.10 joint pressure rating—the working pressure for the
3.1 Definitions:
joint on the pipe or fitting material and thickness to be used in
3.1.1 class—differentiatesjointcharacteristicssuchasrigid,
the actual piping application.
flexible, restrained and unrestrained.
3.1.11 leakage—theescapeoffluid(gaseousorliquid)from
3.1.2 failure—any leakage or joint separation, unless other-
any point of the specimen.
wise determined to be due to a pipe or fitting defect.
3.1.12 penalty run—apenaltyrunisperformedwithpenalty
3.1.3 fitting—adeviceusedtochangepipedirection,sizeor
run specimens when the original test specimen leaks or
adapttootherjoiningmethods.Thisdeviceisusedwithpipeor
separates during testing as a result of any cause which is not
other fittings to create a working system. Shapes such as
related to the design of the GMC being qualified.
elbows, tees, crosses, reducers and special shapes are used as
3.1.13 penalty run specimens—additional specimen(s)
needed to fulfill system design specifications.
whicharetestedintheplaceoftheoriginalspecimen(s).These
3.1.4 flexible—characteristic of a joint wherein there is
additional specimen(s) are assembled using the same methods
available limited angular and axial pipe movement.
along with additional GMC’s of the same type, grade, class,
3.1.5 gasketed mechanical coupling(GMC)—a device used
and configuration; and additional pipes or fittings with the
to join pipe to pipe, pipe to fitting, or fitting to fitting wherein
an elastomeric (gasket) is used to seal the joint. Coupling may
or may not provide mechanical restraint of the pipe or fitting.
3.1.6 grade—the joint working pressure as established by
tests using representative pipe or tube and the gasketed
mechanical coupling (GMC). Test pipe or tube shall be:
NPS—Standard Weight Steel Pipe per ANSI B36.10 and
Specification A53/A53M Grade B, or Specification A135
Grade B.
AWWA—Class 53 Ductile Iron Pipe per ANSI/AWWA
C151/A21.51 for 3 to 16 in. For other sizes, consult manufac-
turer.
Tubing—Type K Copper Tube per SpecificationB88.
Other—As agreed to by GMC manufacturer and purchaser.
3.1.7 grooved mechanical coupling (Type I)—a device
whichconsistsoftwoormorehousings,closurememberssuch
as sets of bolts and nuts or pins, and a pressure-responsive
gasket.Itisusedtomechanicallyjoinandsealgroovedpipeor
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Available from British Standards Institute (BSI), 389 Chiswick High Rd.,
London W4 4AL, U.K., http://www.bsi-global.com. FIG. 1 Type I Typical Construction
F 1476 – 01 (2006)
3.1.19 type—differentiation of kind of pipe or fitting which
gasketedmechanicalcouplings(GMC)areusedtojoin(thatis,
grooved or plain end).
3.1.20 unrestrained—characteristicofajointwhereinthrust
generated by internal pressure or external means is not ab-
sorbed by the joint but by other means such as pipe anchors or
thrust blocks.
4. Classification
4.1 Gasketed mechanical couplings (GMC) are classified
into the following design types:
4.1.1 Type I grooved mechanical couplings.
4.1.2 Type II plain end mechanical couplings.
4.2 The gasketed mechanical couplings (GMC) are classi-
fied into various grades based on successful completion of
testing defined herein. Grades range from approximately 100
psi to 4000 psi and vary by GMC manufacturer. Consult GMC
manufacturer for specific grades available.
4.3 The gasketed mechanical couplings (GMC) are classi-
FIG. 2 Type II—Class 1 Typical Construction
fied by the following joint characteristics:
4.3.1 Class 1—rigid and restrained.
4.3.2 Class 2—flexible and restrained.
4.3.3 Class 3—flexible and unrestrained.
5. Ordering Information
5.1 Orders for GMC (Gasketed Mechanical Couplings)
under this specification shall include the following:
5.1.1 ASTM designation, title, number and year of issue,
5.1.2 Quantity (number of gasketed mechanical couplings),
5.1.3 Sizeandappropriatesuffix(examples:8in.NPS,76.1
mm OD),
5.1.4 Type (I, II),
5.1.5 Grade (consult GMC manufacturer),
5.1.6 Class (joint characteristic),
5.1.7 Housing material and finish,
5.1.8 Gasket material,
5.1.9 Bolt (stud) and nut material and finish,
FIG. 3 Type II—Class 2 Typical Construction
5.1.10 Supplementary requirements, if any,
5.1.11 Other requirements agreed to between purchaser and
GMC manufacturer.
same sizes, nominal wall thickness material and material
5.2 Optional Ordering Requirements:
condition as the original test specimen.
5.2.1 Certification requirements,
3.1.14 pipe—hollow tubular products conforming to ANSI
5.2.2 Special marking requirements.
B36.10 and B36.19, ANSI/AWWA C151/A21.51 Nominal
Dimensions, or O.D. tube sizes.
6. Materials and Manufacture
3.1.15 pressure responsive gasket—gasket design such that
6.1 Type I—Grooved Mechanical Coupling:
applicationofapressureloadtothegasketenhancesitssealing
capabilities; that is, additional pressure results in additional 6.1.1 Grooved Mechanical Coupling Housings:
6.1.1.1 Ferrous Materials—Housings shall be constructed
force between the gasket and the surface to which it is sealing.
3.1.16 restrained—characteristic of the joint wherein thrust ofductileironinaccordancewithSpecificationA395/A395M
Grade 60–40–18 or 65–45–15, Specification A536, Grade
loads generated by internal pressure or external means are
absorbed within the joint. 65-45-12 or malleable iron in accordance with Specification
A47/A47M, Grade 32510 or 35018.
3.1.17 rigid—characteristic of a joint where there is essen-
tially no available free angular or axial pipe movement. 6.1.1.2 Grooved mechanical coupling housings shall be
3.1.18 specimen—apreparedassemblyconsistingofthetest coated with the manufacturer’s standard preparation and paint,
joint including GMC and pipes or fittings. The specimen is or at the purchaser’s option, hot-dip galvanized in accordance
placedintoacontrolledenvironmentandtestedtodetermineif with Specification A153/A153M, or other finish as agreed
the joint performs to the standards established by the test. upon between purchaser and manufacturer.
F 1476 – 01 (2006)
FIG. 4 Type II—Class 3 Typical Construction
6.1.1.3 Aluminum Alloy Materials—Housings shall be con- Specification A536, Grade 65-45-12 or malleable iron in
structed of aluminum alloy in accordance with Specification accordance with Specification A47/A47M, Grade 32510 or
B26/B26M, Grade 356-T6 or A356-T6.
35018.
6.1.1.4 Finish for aluminum alloy housings shall be bare,
6.2.1.2 Steel Materials—End rings and sleeves made from
anodized in accordance with Specification B580 or as other-
carbon or stainless steel shall be made from material with a
wise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
minimum yield strength of 172 MPa (25,000 PSI).
6.1.1.5 Iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant material:
6.2.1.3 Plain end mechanical couplings shall be coated with
Housingsshallbeconstructedofiron-chromium-nickelalloyin
the manufacturer’s standard preparation and paint or other
accordance with Specification A743/A743M, Grade CF-8 or
finishasagreeduponbetweenthepurchaserandmanufacturer.
Grade CF-8M.
Finish for iron chromium-nickel parts shall be bare or other-
6.1.1.6 Finish for iron-chromium-nickel shall be bare or
wise agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer.
otherwise agreed between purchaser and manufacturer.
6.2.2 Plain End Mechanical Coupling—Gaskets shall be of
6.1.2 Grooved Mechanical Coupling—Gaskets shall be of
materials suitable for the intended service (consult manufac-
materials suitable for the intended service. Elastomers shall
turer for recommendation). Elastomer shall comply with Clas-
comply with Classification System D2000.
sification System D2000 or BS2494.
6.1.3 Grooved Mechanical Coupling—Bolting:
6.2.3 Plain End Mechanical Coupling—Bolting:
6.1.3.1 Carbon Steel Material—Bolts shall be in accor-
6.2.3.1 Carbon Steel Material—Bolts shall be in accor-
dance with Specification A183, Grade 2, Oval Neck. Nuts
dance with Specification A183, Grade 2, Oval Neck or
shall be in accordance with Specification A194/A194M,
SpecificationA325—Type 2 Heavy Hex; Cap screws shall be
Grade2.Finishshallbeblackoratthepurchaser’soption,zinc
in accordance with Specification A574 or BS6104; Female
electroplated to Sp
...

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ASTM
ASTM F1123-87(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Non-Metallic Expansion Joints

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the minimum requirements for construction, materials, performance, and dimensions of arch-type non-metallic expansion joints. Expansion joints shall be fabricated with an elastomeric tube reinforced with multiple plies of woven cloth or tire cord covered with synthetic rubber. The inner tube shall be a natural rubber, synthetic rubber, or blend of synthetic rubber. The woven cloth or tire cord shall be nylon, polyester, fiberglass, or aramid, and shall not be cotton. The reinforcing fabric shall be impregnated with a compatible friction stock. Additional reinforcement to the fabric may be provided in the body of the expansion joint and may be solid metal rings or wire embedded in the synthetic rubber. Body rings, if used, must be welded before being installed in the expansion joint body. All expansion joints shall be manufactured with a cover of Hypalon or Neoprene (Chloroprene). The requirements for (1) integral rubber and fabric flanges, (2) floating metal flanges, (3) arches, (4) metallic flanges, (5) retaining rings, and (6) expansion joint cover and body. All expansion joints shall be designed for the specified pressure requirement. Performance requirements for single arch expansion movement and multiple arch-joint movement, as well as the pressure rating, are specified. The following tests shall be performed if required: burst test for prototype testing, hydrostatic test for production testing, and flame resistance test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides the minimum requirements for construction, materials, performance, and dimensional requirements of arch-type non-metallic expansion joints.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2015-00(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Lap Joint Flange Pipe End Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and dimensional requirements applicable to lap joint flange pipe ends that are manufactured by a mechanical forming process, and are widely used for low-pressure systems in the marine, process piping, and similar industries. Materials having acceptable forming qualities to produce lap joint ends are copper, copper-nickel, titanium, carbon steel, and stainless steel. The lap joint flange pipe connections shall be produced in accordance with accepted shop practices, and shall be free from burrs and cracks that would affect their suitability for intended service.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pipe material and wall thickness applicable to lap joint flange pipe ends, manufactured by a mechanical forming process.  
1.2 The lap joint flange connection has been widely used for low-pressure systems in the marine, process piping, and similar industries.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F2014-00(2019)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Non-Reinforced Extruded Tee Connections for Piping Applications

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the pipe materials and dimensions for producing non-reinforced extruded tee connections manufactured by mechanical forming processes. The term “extruded tee connection” applies to butt-weld or socket-weld connections. The non-reinforced extruded pipe tee connection is an alternative to the tee fittings, nozzle, and other welded connections. The non-reinforced extruded pipe tee connection has been widely used for systems in the marine, process piping, food, pharmaceutical, and similar industries. Different materials that have acceptable forming qualities to produce extruded tee connections shall consist of copper, copper-nickel alloy, titanium, steel, and stainless steel. The extruded tee connection shall be free from burrs and cracks, which would affect the suitability for the intended service.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the pipe materials and dimensions for producing non-reinforced extruded tee connections manufactured by mechanical forming processes. The term “extruded tee connection” applies to butt-weld or socket-weld connections. This specification refers to the forming process that leads to welding or brazing.  
1.2 The non-reinforced extruded pipe tee connection is an alternative to the tee fittings, nozzle, and other welded connections.  
1.3 The non-reinforced extruded pipe tee connection has been widely used for systems in the marine, process piping, food, pharmaceutical, and similar industries.  
1.4 The extruded tee connection will be welded in accordance with Specification F722. Brazing of tee connections will be in accordance with ASME B31.5.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A182/A182M-24(Specification)
Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. After hot working, forgings shall be cooled to a specific temperature prior to heat treatment, which shall be performed in accordance with certain requirements such as heat treatment type, austenitizing/solution temperature, cooling media, and quenching. The materials shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, columbium, titanium. The material shall conform to the requirements as to mechanical properties for the grade ordered such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness. All H grades and grade F 63 shall be tested for average grain size.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers forged low alloy and stainless steel piping components for use in pressure systems. Included are flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts to specified dimensions or to dimensional standards, such as the ASME specifications that are referenced in Section 2.  
1.2 For bars and products machined directly from bar or hollow bar (other than those directly addressed by this specification; see 6.4), refer to Specifications A479/A479M, A739, or A511/A511M for the similar grades available in those specifications.  
1.3 Products made to this specification are limited to a maximum weight of 10 000 lb [4540 kg]. For larger products and products for other applications, refer to Specifications A336/A336M and A965/A965M for the similar ferritic and austenitic grades, respectively, available in those specifications.  
1.4 Several grades of low alloy steels and ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels are included in this specification. Selection will depend upon design and service requirements. Several of the ferritic/austenitic (duplex) grades are also found in Specification A1049/A1049M.  
1.5 Supplementary requirements are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired. These shall apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.6 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the material shall be furnished to inch-pound units.  
1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM F3110-14(2024)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Proper Use of Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is for use by design engineers, specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, installers, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of pipes through the use of a Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with a Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints within a damaged existing pipe.  
4.2 This practice applies to the following types of defects in pipe that can be repaired: longitudinal, radial and circumferential cracks, fragmentation, leaking joints, displacement or joint misalignment, closing or sealing unused laterals, corrosion, spalling, wear, leaks in the barrel of the pipe, deformation in the pipe and root penetration. There are no limitations on the diameters of the laterals that can be sealed. The degree of deformation that can be repaired is dependent on the minimum and maximum diameters for which the sleeve is applicable as listed in the tables of dimensions shown in Appendix X1 but shall never exceed 5 %.  
4.3 This practice applies to pipes made of vitrified clay, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastics, glass reinforced plastics, cast iron, ductile iron and steel for both pressure and non-pressure applications.  
4.4 In this practice, no issues of snagging waste or build-up of sludge or sediment have been recorded to date; the performance of this sleeve, however, depends on many factors; therefore, past operational records may not include all possible future conditions under which the user may install these sleeves.  
4.5 The suitability of the technology covered in this practice for a particular application shall be jointly decided by the authority, the engineer and the installer.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for good practices for the materials and installation of mechanical trenchless repair sleeve with a locking gear mechanism for pipes of varying inner diameter and offset joints in the range of 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm to 1800 mm).  
1.2 This practice applies to storm, potable water, wastewater and industrial pipes, conduits and drainage culverts.  
1.3 When the specified materials are used in manufacturing the sleeve and installed in accordance with this practice, the sleeve shall extend over a predetermined length of the host pipe as a continuous, tight fitting, corrosion resistant and verifiable non-leaking pipe repaired using one or more pieces of the repair sleeve mechanism. The maximum internal pressure this sleeve can carry depends on the diameter and the wall thickness, ranging from 10 to 15 bars; the external pressure shall not exceed 1.5 bars.  
1.4 All materials in contact with potable water shall be certified to meet NSF/ANSI 61/372.  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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