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ASTM D1093-98

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation residues. Warning-See Note 1.  Note 1-Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flammable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash fire. %1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon liquid, proceed in accordance with 8.1 or 8.2 but substitute 3 drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
1.3 The results obtained by this method are qualitative expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Dec-1998
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.06 - Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants
Current Stage
Ref Project

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Replaced By
ASTM D1093-04 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004

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ASTM D1093-98 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation ResiduesASTM D1093-98 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
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ASTM D1093-98 - Standard Test Method for Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation Residues
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D1093–98
Standard Test Method for
Acidity of Hydrocarbon Liquids and Their Distillation
Residues
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative determination of
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Ptroleum and
the acidity of hydrocarbon liquids and their distillation resi-
Petroleum Products
dues. Warning—See Note 1.
NOTE 1—Warning: Many hydrocarbon liquids are extremely flam- 3. Terminology
mable. Harmful if inhaled. Hydrocarbon liquid vapors can cause a flash
3.1 Definitions:
fire.
3.1.1 acidity, n—the quality, state or degree of being acid.
1.2 If desired to determine the basicity of a hydrocarbon
3.1.2 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
liquid, proceed in accordance with 9.2 or 9.3 but substitute 3
acidity is a pink or red color when methyl orange indicator is
drops of phenolphthalein indicator solution for the methyl
used.
orange indicator. A pink or red color in the aqueous solution
3.1.3 basicity, n—the quality, state or degree of being basic.
when phenolphthalein is used indicates basicity.
3.1.4 Discussion—In this test method, the criterion for
1.3 The results obtained by this method are qualitative
basicity is a pink or red color when phenolphthalein indicator
expressions. However, for the preparation of reagents and in
is used.
the procedure, acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1.5 distillation residue, n—that portion of the sample
standard.
remaining after distillation using specified procedures.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 The sample of distillation residue or hydrocarbon liquid
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
is shaken with water and the aqueous layer tested for acidity to
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
methyl orange indicator.
4.2 The aqueous layer can also be tested for basicity using
2. Referenced Documents
phenolphthalein indicator.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5. Significance and Use
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products
D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating
5.1 Some petroleum products are treated with mineral acid
Oils
as part of the refining procedure. Obviously, any residual
D 850 Test Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
mineral acid in a petroleum product is undesirable. The
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials
absence of a positive indication in the test for acidity of the
D 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile
distillation residue or aqueous extract of a hydrocarbon liquid
Organic Liquids
is an assurance of the care used in refining the fuel or solvent.
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
6. Apparatus
6.1 Centrifuge Tube, cone-shaped, 100-mL capacity; cali-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
bration not necessary.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
6.2 Centrifuge, capable of swinging two centrifuge tubes at
D02.06 on Analysis of Lubricants.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1998.Published February 1999. Originally
1500 rpm.
published as D 1093 – 50 T. Last previous issue D1093 – 93.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
4 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1093
NOTE 2—Apparatus used for Test Method D 91 is satisfactory.
9.2 Distillation Residue—Cool the residue from the distil-
lation (obtained by using Test Method D 86, Method D 850, or
7. Reagents
Test Method D 1078 and drain immediately into a test tube.
7.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
Add a volume of water equal t
...

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5.1 ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the manufacture, selling, and buying of materials in accordance with specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by a competent operator, the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material with the specification. Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. These then give the user an idea of the precision of the resulting data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available). Statements addressing determinability are sometimes required as part of the test method procedure in order to provide early warning of a significant degradation of testing quality while processing any series of samples.  
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1.3 This practice may not be suitable for products with sampling problems as described in 1.2, solid or semisolid products such as petroleum coke, industrial pitches, paraffin waxes, greases, or solid lubricants when the heterogeneous properties of the substances create sampling problems. In such instances, consult a trained statistician.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants

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1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.  
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.  
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places:  (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.  
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5.1 The flash point temperature is one measure of the tendency of the test specimen to form a flammable mixture with air under controlled laboratory conditions. It is only one of a number of properties which must be considered in assessing the overall flammability hazard of a material.  
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Note 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.
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5.1 A knowledge of the hydrocarbon composition of process streams and petroleum products boiling within the range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F) is useful in following the effect of changes in process variables, diagnosing the source of plant upsets, and in evaluating the effect of changes in composition on product performance properties.  
5.2 A test method to determine total cycloparafins and low level aromatic content is necessary to meet specifications for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons.
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1.1 This test method covers an analytical scheme using the mass spectrometer to determine the hydrocarbon types present in conventional and synthesized hydrocarbons that have a boiling range of 160 °C to 343 °C (320 °F to 650 °F), 5 % to 95 % by volume as determined by Test Method D86. Samples with average carbon number value of paraffins between C12 and C16 and containing paraffins from C10 and C18 can be analyzed. Eleven hydrocarbon types are determined. These include: paraffins, noncondensed cycloparaffins, condensed dicycloparaffins, condensed tricycloparaffins, alkylbenzenes, indans or tetralins, or both, CnH 2n-10 (indenes, etc.), naphthalenes, CnH2n-14  (acenaphthenes, etc.), CnH 2n-16 (acenaphthylenes, etc.), and tricyclic aromatics.  
Note 1: This test method was developed on Consolidated Electrodynamics Corporation Type 103 Mass Spectrometers. Operating parameters for users with a Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer are provided.  
1.2 This test method is intended for use with full boiling range products that contain no significant olefin content.
Biodiesel (FAME components) could interfere with the separation of the sample and the characteristic mass fragments of FAME compounds are not defined in the procedure.
Hydrocarbons containing tertiary carbon fragments, sometimes found in synthetic aviation fuels, will interfere with the characteristic mass fragments of paraffins and result in a false, elevated cycloparaffin content.
Note 2: “No significant olefin content” for this method means D1319.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 11.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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