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ASTM D5120-90(2009)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process (Withdrawn 2014)

Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process (Withdrawn 2014)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The objectives of the respiration inhibition tests may be defined by the interests of the user, but the test method is designed primarily for examination of the inhibition response with operating microbial systems such as an activated sludge process treating domestic or industrial wastes.
Different apparatus exist that facilitate continuous or continual measurement of respiration in microbial systems and each may be used as the tool to observe respiration in this test method.
Respirometry may utilize any apparatus and technique that will achieve the determination of respiration rate. A number of devices are presented in Appendix X1. Equivalency in the experimental capability of each device is not implied. The analyst should select the respirometric approach that best suits his needs.
The inhibitory effect of a test candidate is identified more completely by examining inhibition over a range of concentrations, such as determining the EC50. The use of aerated containers permits concurrent management of a series of cell suspensions. A respirometer for each cell suspension might also be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a batch procedure that evaluates the impact of selected wastewaters, materials, or specific compounds on the respiration rate of an aqueous microbial culture, such as activated sludge.
1.2 Alternative procedures for measurement of microbial activity, such as adenosine 5′ triphosphate (ATP), specific substrate utilization, etc. are not within the scope of this test method.
1.3 The results obtained are based on comparisons in a specific test series that examines a range of concentrations of the potentially inhibitory test candidate using batch methods in a laboratory. Results are completed in a short time frame (a few hours).
1.4 The test results are specific to the microbial culture used. Microbial culture from different wastewater treatment plants will differ in kinds and numbers of organisms, and performance capability. Thus, there is no basis for comparing results for microbial cultures from different treatment facilities.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered a batch procedure that evaluated the impact of selected wastewaters, materials, or specific compounds on the respiration rate of an aqueous microbial culture, such as activated sludge.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D34 on Waste Management, this test method was withdrawn in May 2014. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Aug-2009
Withdrawal Date
20-May-2014
ICS
07.100.20 - Microbiology of water
Technical Committee
D34 - Waste Management
Drafting Committee
D34.03 - Treatment, Recovery and Reuse
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5120-90(2004) - Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM D5681-22e1 - Standard Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM D5120-90(2009) - Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process (Withdrawn 2014)ASTM D5120-90(2009) - Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process (Withdrawn 2014)
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ASTM D5120-90(2009) - Standard Test Method for Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the Activated Sludge Process (Withdrawn 2014)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5120 − 90(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Test Method for
Inhibition of Respiration in Microbial Cultures in the
1
Activated Sludge Process
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5120; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversabatchprocedurethatevaluates 2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
the impact of selected wastewaters, materials, or specific D4478 TestMethodsforOxygenUptake(Withdrawn1994)
compounds on the respiration rate of an aqueous microbial
culture, such as activated sludge. 3. Terminology
1.2 Alternative procedures for measurement of microbial 3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 respiration rate—the quantitative consumption of
activity, such as adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP), specific
substrate utilization, etc. are not within the scope of this test oxygen by an aqueous microbial system. The consumption is
generally expressed as mg O /L/h.
method.
2
3.1.2 EC —the concentration of the test candidate in this
1.3 The results obtained are based on comparisons in a
50
procedure (volume percent or mg/L) that results in a reduction
specific test series that examines a range of concentrations of
of respiration rate to 50 % of that observed for the control.
the potentially inhibitory test candidate using batch methods in
alaboratory.Resultsarecompletedinashorttimeframe(afew
4. Summary of Test Method
hours).
4.1 This test method utilizes respiration rate as the indicator
1.4 Thetestresultsarespecifictothemicrobialcultureused.
of microbial activity.
Microbial culture from different wastewater treatment plants
willdifferinkindsandnumbersoforganisms,andperformance
4.2 A batch system that contains a microbial culture (re-
capability. Thus, there is no basis for comparing results for
turned activated sludge from the process or a culture main-
microbial cultures from different treatment facilities.
tained in the laboratory), selected nutrient dose, and a dilution
of a compound, substance, wastewater, etc. (test candidate) is
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
prepared in a container in the laboratory. The batch system is
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
called a “cell suspension.”
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.3 The nutrient dose introduces a large excess of biode-
gradable substrate thereby putting the culture at a high meta-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- bolic rate. Inhibition of respiration by the test candidate is
observed under these conditions.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This Test Method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Recovery and Reuse. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published November 2009. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D5120–90(2004). The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
DOI: 10.1520/D5120-90R09. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5120 − 90 (2009)
4.4 The prepared cell suspension is aerated for a 2-h period. microbial system damage. The degree of damage is not
At the end of the period, the respiration rate is determined quantified by comparison of respiration rates for the test
using a respirometric or an oxygen uptake technique. candidate and the control. Whether the cause is due to
uncoupled electron transfer or lysis of cells can be determined
4.5 A lower respiration rate for a cell suspension that has
by comparing the filtered Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) of
received the test candidate compared to the respiration rate of
the experimental cell suspension with the sum of the DOC of
a control cell suspension indicates inhibition of respiration.
the control plus that added by the test candidate.Ahigher DOC
5. Significance and Use represents cell lysis.
6.3 Where industrial wastewaters in the sewer system are
5.1 The objectives of the respiration inhibition tests may be
defined by the interests of
...

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Terminology  
3  
Summary of Guide  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
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5.4 Results of algal toxicity tests might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (See Guide E1023) or deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (5).  
5.5 Results of algal toxicity tests might be useful for studying biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials.  
5.6 Results of algal toxicity tests will depend on the temperature, composition of the growth medium, and other factors. These tests are conducted in solutions that contain concentrations of salts, minerals, and nutrients that greatly exceed those in most surface waters. These conditions may over- or under-estimate the effects of the test material if discharged to surface waters.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to growth medium on growth of certain species of freshwater and saltwater microalgae during a static exposure. These procedures will probably be useful for conducting short-term toxicity tests with other species of algae, although modifications might be necessary. Although the test duration is comparable to an acute toxicity test with aquatic animals, an algal toxicity test of short duration (72, 96 or 120 h) allows for examination of effects upon multiple generations of an algal population and thus should not be viewed as an acute toxicity test.  
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using appropriate procedures is more important than following prescribed procedures, results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests. Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting toxicity tests with microalgae.  
1.3 These procedures are applicable to many chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, sediments, and surface waters. Static tests might not be applicable to materials that are highly volatile, are rapidly biologically or chemically transformed in aqueous solutions, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities by the test vessels or organisms during the test. (1)3 However, practical flow-through test procedures with microalgae have not been developed.  
1.4 Results of tests using microalgae should usually be reported in terms of the 96-h (or other time period) IC50 (see 3.2.5) b...

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ASTM
ASTM E1563-21a(Guide)
Standard Guide for Conducting Short-Term Chronic Toxicity Tests with Echinoid Embryos

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An acute toxicity test is conducted to assess effects of a short-term exposure of organisms to a test material under specific experimental conditions. An acute toxicity test does not provide information concerning whether delayed effects will occur and typically evaluates effects on survival. A chronic test is typically longer in duration and includes a sublethal endpoint to assess effects on a population that might occur beyond the exposure period. Because the echinoderm embryo development test includes a sublethal endpoint, but is also short in duration, these tests are considered to be short-term chronic tests, consistent with EPA guidance.  
5.2 Because embryos and larvae are usually assumed to be the most sensitive life stages of these echinoid species, and because some of these species are commercially and recreationally important, the results of these tests are often considered to be a good indication of the acceptability of pollutant concentrations to saltwater species in general. The results of these toxicity tests are often assumed to be an important consideration when assessing the hazard of materials to other saltwater organisms (see Guides E724 and E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for saltwater organisms  (7).  
5.3 The results of short-term chronic toxicity tests might be used to predict effects likely to occur to aquatic organisms in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions, except that toxicity to benthic species might depend on sorption or settling of the test material onto the substrate.  
5.4 The results of short-term chronic tests might be used to compare the sensitivities of different species and the acute toxicities of different test materials, and to determine the effects of various environmental factors on the results of such tests.  
5.5 The results of short-term chronic toxicity tests might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, t...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the short-term chronic effects of a test material on echinoderm embryos and the resulting larvae (sea urchins and sand dollars) during static 48- to 96-h exposures. These procedures have generally been used with U.S. East Coast (Arbacia punctulata and  Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis ) (1)3 and West Coast species (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, S. droebachiensis, and Dendraster excentricus) (2). The basic procedures described in this guide first originated in Japan and Scandanavia  (3), and parallel procedures have been used with foreign species, especially in Japan and the Mediterranean  (4). These procedures will probably be useful for conducting static toxicity tests with embryos of other echinoid species, although modifications might be necessary.  
1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justified by special needs or circumstances. Although using procedures appropriate to a particular species or special needs and circumstances is more important than following prescribed procedures, the results of tests conducted by using unusual procedures are not likely to be comparable with those of many other tests. The comparison of results obtained by using modified and unmodified versions of these procedures might provide useful information concerning new concepts and procedures for conducting tests starting with embryos of echinoids.  
1.3 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures. With appropriate modifications, these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), leachates, oils, particulate matter, surface waters, effluents, and sediments (Annex A1). Renewal tests might be preferable to static tests for materials that have a high oxygen demand, are...

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  • Guide
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