ASTM F3001-13

Standard Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the requirements for additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The standard covers the classification of materials, ordering information, manufacturing plan, feedstock, process, chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, thermal processing, hot isostatic pressing, dimensions and mass, permissible variations, retests, inspection, rejection, certification, product marking and packaging, and quality program requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials (Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The components produced by these processes are used typically in applications that require mechanical properties similar to machined forgings and wrought products. Components manufactured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge machining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired surface finish and critical dimensions.  
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers or producers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V ELI components for defining the requirements and ensuring component properties.  
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance requirements established and revised by consensus of the members of the committee.  
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not limited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S12 in Specification F2924.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2013
• ICS: 77.120.50 - Titanium and titanium alloys
• Technical Committee: F42 - Additive Manufacturing Technologies
• Drafting Committee: F42.05 - Materials and Processes

Relations

• Referred By: ASTM F3592-23 - Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing of Metals – Powder Bed Fusion – Guidelines for Feedstock Re-use and Sampling Strategies
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F3001 −13
StandardSpecification for
Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium
ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B600 Guide for Descaling and Cleaning Titanium and Tita-
1.1 This specification covers additively manufactured
nium Alloy Surfaces
titanium-6aluminum-4vanadium with extra low interstitials
D3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
(Ti-6Al-4V ELI) components using full-melt powder bed
E3 Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens
fusion such as electron beam melting and laser melting. The
E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-
components produced by these processes are used typically in
terials
applications that require mechanical properties similar to
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
machined forgings and wrought products. Components manu-
Sieves
factured to this specification are often, but not necessarily, post
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
processed via machining, grinding, electrical discharge ma-
Determine Conformance with Specifications
chining (EDM), polishing, and so forth to achieve desired
E407 Practice for Microetching Metals and Alloys
surface finish and critical dimensions.
E539 TestMethodforAnalysisofTitaniumAlloysbyX-Ray
1.2 This specification is intended for the use of purchasers
Fluorescence Spectrometry
or producers or both of additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
E1409 Test Method for Determination of Oxygen and Nitro-
ELI components for defining the requirements and ensuring
gen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas
component properties.
Fusion Technique
E1447 Test Method for Determination of Hydrogen in Tita-
1.3 Users are advised to use this specification as a basis for
obtaining components that will meet the minimum acceptance nium and Titanium Alloys by Inert Gas Fusion Thermal
Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method
requirements established and revised by consensus of the
members of the committee. E1941 Test Method for Determination of Carbon in Refrac-
tory andReactive Metals andTheirAlloys byCombustion
1.4 User requirements considered more stringent may be
Analysis
met by the addition to the purchase order of one or more
E2371 Test Method for Analysis of Titanium and Titanium
supplementary requirements, which may include, but are not
Alloys by Atomic Emission Plasma Spectrometry (With-
limited to, those listed in S1-S4 and S1-S12 in Specification
drawn 2013)
F2924.
F136 Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial)Alloy for Surgical
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
Implant Applications (UNS R56401)
standard.
F2792 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing
,
Technologies
2. Referenced Documents
F2921 Terminology for Additive Manufacturing—
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Coordinate Systems and Test Methodologies
B214 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Metal Powders
F2924 Specification for Additive Manufacturing Titanium-6
Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion
2.2 ASQ Standard:
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F42 on
ASQ C1 Specification of General Requirements for a Qual-
Additive Manufacturing Technologies and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
ity Program
mittee F42.05 on Materials and Processes.
Current edition approved April 1, 2013. Published April 2013. DOI: 10.1520/
F3001-13
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Society for Quality (ASQ), 600 N. Plankinton Ave.,
the ASTM website. Milwaukee, WI 53203, http://www.asq.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F3001−13
2.3 ISO Standards: 5.1.1 This specification designation,
ISO 5832-3 Implants for Surgery—Metallic Materials—Part 5.1.2 Description or part number of product desired,
3: Wrought Titanium 6-Aluminum 4-Vanadium Alloy 5.1.3 Quantity of product desired,
Third Edition 5.1.4 Classification,
ISO 6892 Metallic Materials—Tensile Testing at Ambient 5.1.5 SI or SAE units,
Temperature 5.1.6 Dimensions and tolerances (Section 14),
ISO 9001 Quality Management System—Requirements 5.1.7 Mechanical properties (Section 11),
ISO 9044 IndustrialWovenWire Cloth –Technical Require- 5.1.8 Methods for chemical analysis (Section 9),
ments and Testing 5.1.9 Sampling methods (S11 in F2924),
ISO 13485 Medical devices—Quality management 5.1.10 Post-processing sequence of operations,
systems—Requirements for regulatory purposes 5.1.11 Thermal processing,
2.4 SAE Standards: 5.1.12 Allowable porosity (S8 in F2924),
AMS 2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits Titanium and 5.1.13 Component marking such as labeling the serial or lot
Titanium Alloys number in the CAD file prior to the build cycle, or product
AMS 2801 Heat Treat of Titanium Alloys tagging,
AMSH81200 Heat Treatment of Titanium and Titanium 5.1.14 Packaging,
Alloys 5.1.15 Certification,
AS1814 Terminology for Titanium Microstructures 5.1.16 Disposition of rejected material (Section 15), and
AS9100 Quality Systems—Aerospace—Model for Quality 5.1.17 Supplementary requirements.
Assurance in Design, Development, Production, Installa-
6. Manufacturing Plan
tion and Servicing
6.1 Class A, B, C, D, and F components manufactured to
3. Terminology
thisspecificationshallhaveamanufacturingplanthatincludes,
3.1 Terminology relating to titanium microstructure in
but is not limited to, the following:
AS1814 shall apply.
6.1.1 A machine, and manufacturing control system, quali-
fication procedure as agreed between component supplier and
3.2 Terminology relating to additive manufacturing in Ter-
purchaser;
minology F2792 shall apply.
NOTE 1—Qualification procedures typically require qualification build
3.3 TerminologyrelatingtocoordinatesystemsinTerminol-
cycles in which mechanical property test specimens are prepared and
ogy F2921 shall apply.
measured in accordance with Section 11 or other applicable standards.
3.4 Terminology relating to powder metallurgy inTerminol-
Location, orientation on the build platform, number of test specimens for
each machine qualification build cycle, and relationship between speci-
ogy B243 shall apply.
men test results and component quality shall be agreed upon between
3.5 Terminology relating to powder bed fusion in Specifi-
component supplier and purchaser.
cation F2924 shall apply.
6.1.2 Feedstock that meets the requirements of Section 7;
6.1.3 The machine identification, including machine soft-
4. Classification
ware version, manufacturing control system version (if
4.1 Unless otherwise specified herein, all classifications
automated), build chamber environment, machine
shall meet the requirements in each section of this standard.
conditioning, and calibration information of the qualified
4.1.1 Class A components shall be stress relieved or an-
machine;
nealed per Section 12.
6.1.4 Predetermined process as substantiated by the quali-
4.1.2 Class B components shall be annealed per Section 12.
fication procedure;
4.1.3 Class C components shall be hot isostatically pressed
6.1.5 Safeguards to ensure traceability of the digital files,
per Section 13.
including design history of the components;
4.1.4 Class D components shall be solution heat treated and
6.1.6 All the steps necessary to start the build process,
aged per Section 12.
including build platform selection, machine cleaning, and
4.1.5 For Class E components all thermal post processing
powder handling;
shall be optional.
6.1.7 The requirements for approving machine operators;
4.1.6 Class F components shall be stress relieved or an-
6.1.8 Logging of machine build data files, upper and lower
nealed per Section 12.
limits of the parameters affecting component quality and other
process validation controls;
5. Ordering Information
6.1.9 The number of components per build cycle, their
5.1 Orders for components compliant with this specification
orientation and location on the build platform, and support
shall include the following to describe the requirements ad-
structures, if required;
equately:
6.1.10 Process steps including, but not limited to, Section 8;
6.1.11 Post-processing procedure, including sequence of the
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
post-processing steps and the specifications for each step;
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
6.1.12 Thermal processing including furnace anneal, hot
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org. isostatic pressing, heat treat, and aging; and
F3001−13
FIG. 1Build Platform Coordinates for Test Specimens (for reference only)
6.1.13 Inspection requirements as agreed between the pur- the next build cycle. The chemical composition of used
chaser and component supplier, including any supplementary powders shall be analyzed regularly, as agreed upon between
requirements. component supplier and purchaser. Powder not conforming to
Table 1 or 7.7 shall not be further processed in the machine to
7. Feedstock
manufacture Class A, B, C, D and F components.
7.1 The feedstock for this specification shall be metal 7.4.1 All used powder shall be sieved with a sieve having a
powder, as defined in Terminology B243, that has the powder
mesh size appropriate for removing any agglomerates or
type, size distribution, shape, tap density, and flow rate contaminants from the build cycle.
acceptable for the process as determined by the component
7.5 All powder sieves used to manufacture ClassA, B, C, D
supplier.
and F components shall have a certificate of conformance that
7.2 The metal powder shall be free from detrimental
they were manufactured to ISO 9044 or all powder sieving
amounts of inclusions and impurities and its chemical compo-
shall be in conformance with Specification E11.
sition shall be adequate to yield, after processing, the final
7.6 Sieve analysis of used powder or powder lots during
material chemistry listed in Table 1.
incoming inspection or in-process inspection shall be made in
7.3 Powder blends are allowed unless otherwise specified
accordance with Test Method B214 or as agreed between
between the component supplier and component purchaser, as
component supplier and purchaser.
long as all powder used to create the powder blend meets the
7.7 The maximum percentage of aluminum in Table 1 may
requirements in Table 1 and lot numbers are documented and
be increased for virgin powder, used powder and powder
maintained.
blends when agreed upon between component supplier and
7.4 Used powder is allowed. The proportion of virgin
purchaser.Whencomponentsupplierandpurchaseragreetoan
powder to used powder shall be recorded and reported for each
increase in the maximum percentage of aluminum, 9.2 shall
production run. The maximum number of times used powder
apply.
can be used as well as the number of times any portion of a
powder lot can be processed in the build chamber should be
8. Process
agreed upon between component supplier and purchaser for
8.1 Processing shall be conducted per applicable standards
Class A, B, C, D, and F. There are no limits on the number of
or as agreed upon between component supplier and purchaser
build cycles for used powder for Class E components. After a
according to an approved manufacturing plan as described in
build cycle, any remaining used powder may be blended with
Section 6.
virgin powder to maintain a powder quantity large enough for
8.1.1 Test specimens for quality assurance may be required
to be built and tested in accordance with Section 11 with each
TABLE 1 Composition
build cycle or before and after a production run as agreed upon
Element min max
between the component supplier and purchaser.
Aluminum 5.50 6.50
Vanadium 3.50 4.50
NOTE 2—In addition to tension test specimens, fatigue test specimens
Iron . 0.25
Oxygen . 0.13 may be required by the purchaser to be built with the components at the
Carbon . 0.08
beginning and end of each production run. Fatigue testing is described in
Nitrogen . 0.05
Supplementary Requirement S6 of F2924.
Hydrogen . 0.012
Yttrium . 0.005 8.2 Permissible parameter, process changes and extent of
Other elements, each . 0.10
external intervention during the build cycle shall be identified
Other elements, total . 0.40
in the manufacturing plan. All process changes shall be
Titanium remainder
continuously monitored and recorded. When agreed to by the
F3001−13
purchaser, minor changes to the manufacturing plan are per- and purchaser. Specimen preparation shall be in accordance
missible without machine re-qualification. with Guide E3 and Practice E407.
8.3 Condition and finish of the components shall be agreed
11. Mechanical Properties
upon between the component supplier and purchaser.
11.1 Build platform coordinates and build platform location
8.4 Post-processing operations may be used to achieve the
for test specimens shall be used in accordance with Terminol-
desired shape, size, surface finish, or other component proper-
ogy F2921.
ties. The post-processing operations shall be agreed upon
11.2 Tension test specimens shall be prepared in accordance
between the component supplier and purchaser for ClassA, B,
with Test Methods E8/E8Meither before or after thermal
C, D and F components.
processing as agreed upon by component supplier and pur-
chaser.
9. Chemical Composition
11.3 In accordance with Terminology F2921, specimens
9.1 ExceptforClassE,asbuiltcomponentsshallconformto
usedfortensiontestingshallbemachinedfrombulkdeposition
the percentages by weight shown in Table 1. Carbon shall be
or near net shape bars and built in X, Y, Z, orientation.
determined in accordance with Test Method E1941. Hydrogen
shall be determined in accordance with Test Method E1447.
NOTE3—Mechanicalpropertiesofthetestspecimensmayvarybecause
Oxygen and nitrogen shall be determined in accordance with
of the location of the sample on the build platform and the test
...