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ASTM D7545-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)

Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The induction period may be used as an indication of the oxidation and storage stability of middle distillate fuel.  
5.2 Compared to some other oxidation and storage stability test methods, this method uses a small sample and gives a result in a short time period.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers a quantitative determination of the stability of middle distillate fuels such as diesel fuels and heating oils, with up to 100% biodiesel, under accelerated oxidation conditions, by an automatic instrument.Note 1—This test method is technically equivalent to test method EN 16091  
1.2 This test method is designed for products complying with Specification D975 on Diesel Fuel, Grades No. 1D and 2D; Specification D396 on Burner Fuel, Grades No. 1 and No. 2; Specification D6751 on Biodiesel, B100, and Specification D7467 on Diesel Fuel Oil, B6 to B20.  
1.3 This test method measures the induction period, under specified conditions, which can be used as an indication of the oxidation and storage stability of middle distillate fuels.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2013
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.14 - Stability, Cleanliness and Compatibility of Liquid Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7545-13 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D7545-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
Effective Date
01-Dec-2019
Referred By
ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8181-19 - Standard Specification for Microemulsion Blendstock for Preparing Microemulsion Test Fuel Oils
Effective Date
01-Jan-2014

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ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
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ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
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REDLINE ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)REDLINE ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
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REDLINE ASTM D7545-14 - Standard Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7545 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small
1
Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D6751Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
for Middle Distillate Fuels
1.1 This laboratory test method covers a quantitative deter-
D7467Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
minationofthestabilityofmiddledistillatefuelssuchasdiesel
(B6 to B20)
fuels and heating oils, with up to 100% biodiesel, under
2.2 Other Standards:
accelerated oxidation conditions, by an automatic instrument.
CEN/TR 16366:2012Liquid Petroleum Products—Middle
NOTE 1—This test method is technically equivalent to test method EN
DistillatesandFattyAcidMethylEster(FAME)Fuelsand
16091
Blends—Round Robin Report on Applicability of Rapid
3
1.2 This test method is designed for products complying
Small Scale Oxidation Test Method
with Specification D975 on Diesel Fuel, Grades No. 1D and
EN590AutomotiveFuels—Diesel—RequirementsandTest
3
2D; Specification D396 on Burner Fuel, Grades No. 1 and No.
Methods
2; Specification D6751 on Biodiesel, B100, and Specification
EN 16091Liquid Petroleum Products—Middle Distillates
D7467 on Diesel Fuel Oil, B6 to B20.
and FattyAcid Methyl Ester (FAME) Fuels and Blends—
Determination of Oxidation Stability by Rapid Small
1.3 This test method measures the induction period, under
3
Scale Oxidation Method
specified conditions, which can be used as an indication of the
ISO 4259Petroleum Products—Determination andApplica-
oxidation and storage stability of middle distillate fuels.
4
tion of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 3. Terminology
standard.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.1 break point, n—pressure in the test apparatus which is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
10 % below the maximum pressure of the actual test run.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.2 induction period, n—timeelapsedbetweenstartingthe
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
heating procedure of the sample vessel and the break point,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
measured in minutes.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 A 5mL sample is introduced into a pressure vessel
D396Specification for Fuel Oils
which is then charged with oxygen to 700 kPa at ambient
D975Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
temperature. The test is initiated by starting the heater and
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
heating the pressure vessel to a temperature of 140°C.
Petroleum Products
4.2 The pressure is recorded continuously until the break-
D4177Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
pointisreached.Alternatively,thetestmaybeterminatedwhen
Petroleum Products
a minimum specification requirement is reached.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5. Significance and Use
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels. 5.1 Theinductionperiodmaybeusedasanindicationofthe
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2014. Published January 2014. Originally
oxidation and storage stability of middle distillate fuel.
approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D7545–13. DOI:
10.1520/D7545-14.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de
the ASTM website. la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7545 − 14
5.2 Compared to some other oxidation and storage stability 7.5 Temperature Calibration Fluid—Stablemiddledistillate
test methods, this method uses a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7545 − 13 D7545 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate Fuels—Rapid Small
1
Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This laboratory test method covers a quantitative determination of the stability of middle distillate fuels such as diesel fuels
and heating oils, with up to 100% biodiesel, under accelerated oxidation conditions, by an automatic instrument.
NOTE 1—This test method is technically equivalent to test method EN 16091
1.2 This test method is designed for products complying with Specification D975 on Diesel Fuel, Grades No. 1D and 2D;
Specification D396 on Burner Fuel, Grades No. 1 and No. 2; Specification D6751 on Biodiesel, B100, and Specification D7467
on Diesel Fuel Oil, B6 to B20.
1.3 This test method measures the induction period, under specified conditions, which can be used as an indication of the
oxidation and storage stability of middle distillate fuels.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D396 Specification for Fuel Oils
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
2.2 Other Standards:
CEN/TR 16366:2012 Liquid Petroleum Products—Middle Distillates and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Fuels and
3
Blends—Round Robin Report on Applicability of Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Test Method
3
EN 590 Automotive Fuels—Diesel—Requirements and Test Methods
EN 16091 Liquid Petroleum Products—Middle Distillates and Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Fuels and Blends—
3
Determination of Oxidation Stability by Rapid Small Scale Oxidation Method
4
ISO 4259 Petroleum Products—Determination and Application of Precision Data in Relation to Methods of Test
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 break point, n—pressure in the test apparatus which is 10 % below the maximum pressure of the actual test run.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013Jan. 1, 2014. Published October 2013January 2014. Originally approved in 2009. Last previous edition approved in 20092013 as
D7545 – 09.D7545 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D7545-13.10.1520/D7545-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from European Committee for Standardization (CEN), Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium, http://www.cen.eu.
4
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7545 − 14
3.1.2 induction period, n—time elapsed between starting the heating procedure of the sample vessel and the break point,
measured in minutes.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 5 mL sample is introduced into a pressure vessel which is then charged with oxygen to 700 kPa at ambient temperature.
The test is initiated by starting the heater and heating the pressure vessel to a temperature of 140°C.
4.2 The pressure is recorded continuously until the breakpoint
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.  
1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).  
1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.  
1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7484-23a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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