ASTM D4378-08
(Practice)Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to assist the user, in particular the power-plant operator, to maintain effective lubrication of all parts of the turbine and guard against the onset of problems associated with oil degradation and contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the present condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targets.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D4378 − 08
StandardPractice for
In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The in-service monitoring of turbine oils has long been recognized by the power-generation
industry as being necessary to ensure long trouble-free operation of turbines.
Thetwomaintypesofstationaryturbinesusedforpowergenerationaresteamandgasturbines;the
turbines can be used as individual turbines, or can be coupled to combine cycle turbines. The
lubrication requirements are quite similar but there are important differences in that gas turbine oils
aresubjectedtosignificantlyhigherlocalized“hotspot”temperaturesandwatercontaminationisless
likely.Steamturbineoilsarenormallyexpectedtolastformanyyears.Insometurbinesupto20years
of service life has been obtained. Gas turbine oils by comparison have a shorter service life. Many of
the monitoring tests used for steam turbine oils are applicable to gas turbine oils.
This practice is designed to assist the user to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life
cycle by carrying out a meaningful program of sampling and testing of oils in use. This practice is
performed in order to collect data and monitor trends which suggest any signs of lubricant
deteriorating. This can be used as a guide for the direction of system maintenance to ensure a safe,
reliable, and cost-effective operation of the monitored plant equipment. Also covered are some
importantaspectsofinterpretationofresultsandsuggestedactionstepssoastomaximizeservicelife.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective
D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas
Open Cup Tester
turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
presentconditionofthelubricantwithintheacceptabletargets.
ity)
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by Potentiometric Titration
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- D665Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. D892Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricat-
ing Oils
D943TestMethodforOxidationCharacteristicsofInhibited
Mineral Oils
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.C0.01
2
on Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2008. Published May 2008. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4378–03. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D4378-08. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4378 − 08
D974Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color- ing corrective actions which can be performed with little or no
Indicator Titration detriment to production schedules.
D1401TestMethodforWaterSeparabilityofPetroleumOils
and Synthetic Fluids 5. Operational Factors Affecting Service Life
D1500Test Method forASTM Color of Petroleum Products
5.1 The factors that affect the service life of turbine lubri-
(ASTM Color Scale)
cating oils are as follows: (1) type and design of system, (2)
D2272Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
condition of system on startup, (3) original oil quality, (4)
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel
system operating conditions, (5) contamination, ( 6) oil
D2422Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Vis-
makeup rate, and (7) handling and st
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D4378–03 Designation:D4378–08
Standard Practice for
In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thein-servicemonitoringofturbineoilshaslongbeenrecognizedbythepower-generationindustry
as being necessary to ensure long trouble-free operation of turbines.
Thetwomaintypesofstationaryturbinesusedforpowergenerationaresteamandgasturbines;the
turbines can be used as individual turbines, or can be coupled to combine cycle turbines. The
lubrication requirements are quite similar but there are important differences in that gas turbine oils
aresubjectedtosignificantlyhigherlocalized“hotspot”temperaturesandwatercontaminationisless
likely.Steamturbineoilsarenormallyexpectedtolastformanyyears.Insometurbinesupto20years
of service life has been obtained. Gas turbine oils by comparison have a shorter service life. Many of
the monitoring tests used for steam turbine oils are applicable to gas turbine oils.
This practice is designed to assist the user to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life
cycle by carrying out a meaningful program of sampling and testing of oils in use. This practice is
performed in order to collect data and monitor trends which suggest any signs of lubricant
deteriorating. This can be used as a guide for the direction of system maintenance to ensure a safe,
reliable, and cost-effective operation of the monitored plant equipment. Also covered are some
importantaspectsofinterpretationofresultsandsuggestedactionstepssoastomaximizeservicelife.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas
turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing
schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the
present condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targets.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
2
D130TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfromPetroleumProductsbytheCopperStripTarnishTest TestMethod
for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip Test
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric Titration
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Mineral Oils
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-Indicator Titration
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.C0.01 on
Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003.1, 2008. Published July 2003.May 2008. Originally approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 19972003as
D4378–97.D4378–03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
, Vol 05.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4378–08
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (ASTM Color Scale)
2
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Turbine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test
D2422 Classification of
...
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