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ASTM D4378-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines

Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice is intended to assist the user, in particular the power-plant operator, to maintain effective lubrication of all parts of the turbine and guard against the onset of problems associated with oil degradation and contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the present condition of the lubricant within the acceptable targets.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-May-2003
ICS
27.040 - Gas and steam turbines. Steam engines
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.C0.01 - Turbine Oil Monitoring, Problems and Systems
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4378-97 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D4378-08 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
Effective Date
01-May-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7669-20 - Standard Guide for Practical Lubricant Condition Data Trend Analysis
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7843-21 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricant Generated Insoluble Color Bodies in In-Service Turbine Oils using Membrane Patch Colorimetry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7720-21 - Standard Guide for Statistically Evaluating Measurand Alarm Limits when Using Oil Analysis to Monitor Equipment and Oil for Fitness and Contamination
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D7590-22 - Standard Guide for Measurement of Remaining Primary Antioxidant Content In In-Service Industrial Lubricating Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6810-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic Antioxidant Content in Non-Zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6224-22 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8112-22 - Standard Guide for Obtaining In-Service Samples of Turbine Operation Related Lubricating Fluid
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6439-23 - Standard Guide for Cleaning, Flushing, and Purification of Steam, Gas, and Hydroelectric Turbine Lubrication Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8506-23 - Standard Guide for Microbial Contamination and Biodeterioration in Turbine Oils and Turbine Oil Systems
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6971-22 - Standard Test Method for Measurement of Hindered Phenolic and Aromatic Amine Antioxidant Content in Non-zinc Turbine Oils by Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Effective Date
10-May-2003
Referred By
ASTM D8185-18 - Standard Guide for In-Service Lubricant Viscosity Measurement
Effective Date
10-May-2003

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ASTM D4378-03 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas TurbinesASTM D4378-03 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
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ASTM D4378-03 - Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and Gas Turbines
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D4378–03
Standard Practice for
In-Service Monitoring of Mineral Turbine Oils for Steam and
1
Gas Turbines
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4378; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
Thein-servicemonitoringofturbineoilshaslongbeenrecognizedbythepower-generationindustry
as being necessary to ensure long trouble-free operation of turbines.
Thetwomaintypesofstationaryturbinesusedforpowergenerationaresteamandgasturbines;the
turbines can be used as individual turbines, or can be coupled to combine cycle turbines. The
lubrication requirements are quite similar but there are important differences in that gas turbine oils
aresubjectedtosignificantlyhigherlocalized“hotspot”temperaturesandwatercontaminationisless
likely.Steamturbineoilsarenormallyexpectedtolastformanyyears.Insometurbinesupto20years
of service life has been obtained. Gas turbine oils by comparison have a shorter service life. Many of
the monitoring tests used for steam turbine oils are applicable to gas turbine oils.
This practice is designed to assist the user to validate the condition of the lubricant through its life
cycle by carrying out a meaningful program of sampling and testing of oils in use. This practice is
performed in order to collect data and monitor trends which suggest any signs of lubricant
deteriorating. This can be used as a guide for the direction of system maintenance to ensure a safe,
reliable, and cost-effective operation of the monitored plant equipment. Also covered are some
importantaspectsofinterpretationofresultsandsuggestedactionstepssoastomaximizeservicelife.
1. Scope D130 TestMethodforDetectionofCopperCorrosionfrom
2
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
monitoring of mineral turbine oils in service in steam and gas
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
turbines, as individual or combined cycle turbines, used for
2
Viscosity)
power generation. This practice includes sampling and testing
D664 TestMethodforAcidNumberofPetroleumProducts
schedules to validate the condition of the lubricant through its
2
by Potentiometric Titration
life cycle and by ensuring required improvements to bring the
D665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics of
presentconditionofthelubricantwithintheacceptabletargets.
2
Inhibited Mineral Oil in the Presence of Water
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D892 Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubri-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2
cating Oils
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
D943 Test Method for Oxidation Characteristics of Inhib-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2
ited Mineral Oils
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
D974 Test Method for Acid and Base Number by Color-
2
2. Referenced Documents Indicator Titration
D1401 Test Method for Water Separability of Petroleum
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
Oils and Synthetic Fluids
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
2
D1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Prod-
Open Cup
2
ucts (ASTM Color Scale)
D2272 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Steam Tur-
1
2
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
bine Oils by Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test
ProductsandLubricantsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD02.C0on
D2422 Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by
Turbine Oils.
2
Viscosity System
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D4378–97.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4378–03
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and 5.1.1 Type and Design of System—Most modern turbine
3
Petroleum Products lubricating systems are similar in design, especially for the
D4241 Practice for Design of Gas Turbine Generator Lu-
larger units. For lubrication, the usual practice is to pressure-
3
bricating Oil Systems
feedoildirectlyfromthemainoilpump.Therestofthesystem
D4248 PracticeforDesignofSteamTurbineGeneratorOil
consistsofareservoir,oilcooler,strainer,pipingandadditional
3
Systems
purification or filtration equipment, or a combination thereof.
D6810 Test Method for
...

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4.1 This practice is intended to assist the user, in particular the power-plant operations and maintenance departments, to maintain effective lubrication of all parts of the turbine and guard against the onset of problems associated with oil degradation and contamination. The values of the various test parameters mentioned in this practice are purely indicative. In fact, for proper interpretation of the results, many factors, such as type of equipment, operation workload, design of the lubricating oil circuit, and top-up level, should be taken into account.
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