ASTM D1038-83(1993)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
Standard Terminology Relating to Veneer and Plywood
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 1038 – 83 (Reapproved 1993)
Standard Terminology Relating to
1, 2
Veneer and Plywood
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1038; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
adhesive—a substance capable of holding materials together sticking, to facilitate press loading, or to impart a desired
by surface attachment. surface texture or finish, and to provide uniform pressure
distribution.
NOTE 1—adhesive is the general term and includes, among others,
cement, glue, mucilage, and paste. All of these terms are loosely used
NOTE 2—Cauls may be made of any material such as aluminum,
interchangeably. Various descriptive adjectives are applied to the term
stainless steel, hardboard, fiberboard, or plastic, with the length and width
adhesive to indicate certain characteristics as follows:
generally equal to the platen size of the press in which they are employed.
(1) Physical form, that is, liquid adhesive, tape adhesive
center—inner layers whose grain direction runs parallel to that
(2) Chemical type, that is, silicate adhesive, resin adhesive
(3) Materials bonded, that is, paper adhesive, metal-plastic adhesive, can of the outer plies; may be of parallel laminated plies. (See
label adhesive
also core.)
(4) Conditions of use, that is, hot-setting adhesive
clipper—the shearing machine used to dimension dry or green
veneers to width.
back—the side reverse to the face of a panel, or the poorer side
compreg—synthetic resin-treated, compressed wood with re-
of a panel in any grade of plywood calling for a face and
duced swelling and shrinking characteristics and increased
back.
density and strength properties.
balanced construction— See under construction.
construction—details of arrangement or thickness or both, of
banding (railing)—a portion of wood or other material
veneers and other components used in the fabrication of
extending around one or more edges of a plywood panel.
plywood.
bleed through—glue or components of glue that have seeped
all-veneer construction—plywood in which all plies are
through the outer layer or ply of a glued wood product and
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veneer. Ordinarily no single ply of veneer will exceed ⁄16 in.
that show as a blemish or discoloration on the surface.
(7.9 mm) in thickness.
blemish—anything marring the appearance of the veneer that
balanced construction—a construction such that the forces
is not classifiable as a defect.
induced by uniformly distributed changes in moisture con-
blister—in plywood, an elevation of the surface of an adherend
tent will not cause warpage.
(separation between plies), somewhat resembling in shape a
composite construction—a panel assembly consisting of
blister on the human skin; its boundaries may be indefinitely
veneers and other wood-based materials. Normally the
outlined and it may have burst or become flattened.
non-veneer component is identified in describing the con-
bolt (veneer)—a short log cut to length suitable for peeling in
struction.
a lathe; also block.
lumber core construction—plywood in which the center ply
bond, n—the attachment at an interface between an adhesive
or core is of lumber rather than of veneer. Ordinarily cores
and an adherend.
3
that are ⁄8 in. (9.5 mm) or greater in thickness will be of
bond, v—to attach materials together by means of an adhesive.
lumber.
borer holes—voids made by wood-boring insects.
symmetrical construction—plywood panels in which the
broken grain (shelling, leafing, grain separation)—a sepa-
plies on one side of the panel center line are essentially equal
ration on veneer surface between annual rings.
in thickness, grain direction, properties, and arrangement to
cauls, n—sheets of material employed singly or in pairs in hot
those on the other side of the center line.
or cold pressing of assemblies being bonded. Cauls are
core—(1) in decorative or hardwood plywood, the center most
employed usually to protect either the faces or the press
ply. It may be of lumber (either edgeglued or closely
platen or both against marring and staining, to prevent
assembled) or other wood-based panel material, or of one or
more thicknesses of veneer.
1
(2) in construction plywood, all plies or layers between the
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-7 on Wood
and is the responsibility of Subcommittee D 07.03 on Panel Products.
face and back.
Current edition approved Feb. 25, 1983. Published April, 1983. Originally
core block—in cutting rotary veneer, the portion of the bolt
published as D 1038 – 49 T. Last previous edition D 1038 – 82.
2 remaining after available veneer has
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