ASTM B243-22
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
Standard Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B243 − 22
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope angle of repose, n—the basal angle of a pile formed by powder
when freely poured under specified conditions onto a hori-
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are
zontal surface.
helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metal-
lurgy terms.
apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder,
usually expressed as grams per cubic centimetre, determined
1.2 This international standard was developed in accor-
by a specified method.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
apparent hardness, n—the hardness of a PM material (includ-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
ing the effects of porosity), measured using macroindenta-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
tion hardness equipment.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
DISCUSSION—See general description of production, properties, and
2. Referenced Documents uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph
on density and mechanical properties, information on hardness
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
measurement, Volume 02.05.
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, micro-
Uniaxial Compaction
structural features that appear to be pores in a properly
3. Terminology
prepared, unetched surface; these features may result from
uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as
3.1 Definitions:
actual porosity.
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles
activated sintering, n—a sintering process during which the
by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a
means.
substance to the powder or by changing sintering conditions.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the
additive manufacturing (AM), n—the process of joining
dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or
materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3-D) model
liquid stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive
manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies.
binder, n—a cementing medium; either a material added to the
DISCUSSION—Examples include binder jetting (BJT), directed en-
powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and
ergy deposition (DED), and powder-bed fusion (PBF).
which is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of
relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
for the specific purpose of cementing together powder
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle
particles which alone would not sinter into a strong body.
size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled
velocity. binder (MIM), n—a mixture of polymers or other materials, or
both, that when combined with metal powders enables the
mixture to flow during the injection molding process. The
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal
binder imparts green strength to the MIM part and allows it
Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit-
to retain its molded shape.
tee B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved March 1, 2022. Published March 2022. Originally
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as B243 – 20. DOI:
10.1520/B0243-22.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or For a discussion of apparent hardness, see the section on Density in General
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Description of Production, Properties, and Uses of Sintered Metal Powder Bearings
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on and Structural Parts, which appears in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol
the ASTM website. 02.05.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 22
binder jetting (BJT), n—additive manufacturing process in cermet, n—sintered material containing at least one metallic
which a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to join phase a
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B243 − 20 B243 − 22
Standard Terminology of
1
Powder Metallurgy
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B243; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology standard includes definitions that are helpful in the interpretation and application of powder metallurgy
terms.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B331 Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in Uniaxial Compaction
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
acicular powder, n—needle-shaped particles.
activated sintering, n—a sintering process during which the rate of sintering is increased, for example, by addition of a
substance to the powder or by changing sintering conditions.
additive manufacturing (AM), n—the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3-D) model data,
usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies.
DISCUSSION—
Examples include binder jetting (BJT),directed energy deposition (DED), and powder-bed fusion (PBF).
agglomerate, n—several particles adhering together.
air classification, n—the separation of powder into particle size fractions by means of an air stream of controlled velocity.
angle of repose, n—the basal angle of a pile formed by powder when freely poured under specified conditions onto a horizontal
surface.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.01 on Nomenclature and Technical Data.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020March 1, 2022. Published December 2020March 2022. Originally approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 20192020
as B243 – 19.B243 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/B0243-20.10.1520/B0243-22.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B243 − 22
apparent density, n—the mass of a unit volume of powder, usually expressed as grams per cubic centimetre, determined by a
specified method.
apparent hardness, n—the hardness of a PM material (including the effects of porosity), measured using macroindentation
hardness equipment.
DISCUSSION—
See general description of production, properties, and uses of sintered metal powder bearings and structural parts, paragraph on density and mechanical
3
properties, information on hardness measurement, Volume 02.05.
apparent porosity, n—specific to cemented carbides, microstructural features that appear to be pores in a properly prepared,
unetched surface; these features may result from uncombined carbon or nonmetallic inclusions as well as actual porosity.
atomization, n—the dispersion of a molten metal into particles by a rapidly moving gas or liquid stream or by mechanical
means.
atomized metal powder, n—metal powder produced by the dispersion of a molten metal by a rapidly moving gas, or liquid
stream, or by mechanical dispersion.
binder, n—a cementing medium; either a material added to the powder to increase the green strength of the compact, and which
is expelled during sintering; or a material (usually of relatively lower melting point) added to a powder mixture for the specific
purpose of cementing together powder particles which alone would not sinter into a strong body.
binder (MIM), n—a mixture of polymers or other materials, or both, that when combined with metal powders enables the
mixture to flow during the injection molding process. The binder imparts green strength to the MIM part and allows it to retain
its molded shape.
binder jetting (BJT), n—additive manufacturing process in which a liquid bonding agent is selectively deposited to jo
...
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