ASTM D445-03

Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determination of the kinematic viscosity, , of liquid petroleum products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, , can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, v, by the density, of the liquid.
Note 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian behavior, have been included.
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm2/s (see Table A1.1) at all temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Mar-2003
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D445-01 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D445-04 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 01-May-2004
• Referred By: ASTM F2084/F2084M-01(2018) - Standard Guide for Collecting Containment Boom Performance Data in Controlled Environments
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7624-22 - Standard Test Method for Condition Monitoring of Nitration in In-Service Petroleum and Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D128-98(2019) - Standard Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating Grease
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8256-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in the Sequence VH Spark-Ignition Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D5275-20 - Standard Test Method for Fuel Injector Shear Stability Test (FISST) for Polymer Containing Fluids
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D3487-16e1 - Standard Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in Electrical Apparatus
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2502-14(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Estimation of Mean Relative Molecular Mass of Petroleum Oils from Viscosity Measurements
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D892-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Foaming Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4636-17 - Standard Test Method for Corrosiveness and Oxidation Stability of Hydraulic Oils, Aircraft Turbine Engine Lubricants, and Other Highly Refined Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6750-23 - Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)
• Effective Date: 10-Mar-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 445 – 03 British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation: 71/1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
1
(and the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determi-
nation of the kinematic viscosity, n, of liquid petroleum
2. Referenced Documents
products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a
D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
calibrated glass capillary viscometer. The dynamic viscosity, h,
2
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, n,by
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the density, r, of the liquid.
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
2
NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
D 1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
2
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
nometer
to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
2
viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different
illary Pycnometer
results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary
D 2162 Test Method for Basic Calibration of Master Vis-
2
diameters. The procedure and precision values for residual fuel
cometers and Viscosity Oil Standards
oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian
D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
4
behavior, have been included.
(Bitumens)
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
2
4
method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1) at all
Capillary Viscometer
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been
D 6074 Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant
5
determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
Base Oils
temperatures as shown in the footnotes to the precision section.
D 6617 Practice for Laboratory Bias Detection Using
6
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Single Test Result from Standard Material
7
standard.
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E 77 Test Method for the Inspection and Verification of
7
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Thermometers
8
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
2.2 ISO Standards:
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
5
D02.07 on Flow Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
6
Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.04.
7
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 445–01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
8
In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
Committee. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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D445–03
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque fixed volume of fluid is directly proportional to its kinematic
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal- viscosity, n, where n = h/r, and h is the dynamic viscosity
culation of Dynamic Viscosity coefficient.
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers— Speci-
4. Summary of Test M
...