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ASTM A602-94(2009)

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings

Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in automotive products and industries. Castings shall be heat treated and shall be of Grades M3210, M4504, M5003, M5503, M7002, and M8501. Materials shall conform to the specified hardness range. Materials shall follow specified microstructure requirements based on distribution of temper-carbon nodules in the metal matrix. All grades shall have a minimum concentration of spheroidal primary carbides in the microstructure.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic, tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of malleable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specification.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2009
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A04 - Iron Castings
Drafting Committee
A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A602-94(2004) - Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-May-2009
Replaced By
ASTM A602-94(2014) - Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
Effective Date
01-Apr-2014

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ASTM A602-94(2009) - Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron CastingsASTM A602-94(2009) - Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
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ASTM A602-94(2009) - Standard Specification for Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:A602 −94(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
1
Automotive Malleable Iron Castings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A602; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.1.1 The microstructure of Grade M3210 malleable iron
shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a matrix
1.1 This specification covers castings of ferritic, pearlitic,
of ferrite.
tempered pearlitic, and tempered martensitic grades of mal-
5.1.2 Because of reaction with the annealing furnace
leable iron used in the products of the automotive and allied
atmosphere,somedepletionofcarbonandsiliconoccursatthe
industries. Castings shall be heat treated to meet this specifi-
surface of the castings. This usually results in a rim which can
cation.
consist of coarse lamellar pearlite underlying a graphite-free
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
ferritic surface layer. If the pearlite layer is excessive, it can
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
result in poor machinability. The rim, therefore, shall not
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
exceed a depth greater than 0.050 in. (1.27 mm) as measured
and are not considered standard.
from the casting surface.
5.1.3 The area below the rim can contain some pearlite;
2. Referenced Documents
however, it shall not exceed the amount shown in Fig. 1.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.2 Grades M4504, M5003, M7002, and M8501:
E10Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials
5.2.1 The microstructure of these other grades of malleable
3. Grades
iron shall consist of temper-carbon nodules distributed in a
matrix of ferrite and lamellar pearlite or tempered pearlite in
3.1 The specified grades with required hardness range and
air-quenchedcastingsoramatrixoftemperedmartensiteinthe
final heat treatment are shown in Table 1.
case of liquid-quenched castings.
3.2 The foundry may also produce Grades M4504 and
5.2.2 Because of reaction with the annealing furnace
M5003byliquidquenchingandtemperingoralloying,orboth.
atmosphere,somedepletionofcarbonandsiliconoccursatthe
surface of the castings. This usually results in a rim which can
4. Hardness
consist of a graphite-free layer sometimes containing more or
4.1 The foundry shall exercise the necessary controls and
less combined carbon than the underlying material.
inspection procedures to ensure compliance with the specified
5.3 All grades shall be free of primary graphite.
hardnessrange.Hardnessreadingsshallbetakeninaccordance
with Test Method E10 after sufficient material has been
5.4 All grades shall not exceed 2% spheroidal primary
removed from the casting surface to ensure representative
carbides in the microstructure.
hardness readings. The area or areas on the casting where
5.5 The maximum surface ferrite layer and denodularized
hardness is to be checked shall be established by agreement
zone shall be measured after polishing, etching in nital, and
between supplier and purchaser and shown on the drawing.
viewing at 100×.
5. Microstructure Requirements
6. Quality Assurance
5.1 Grade M3210 Ferritic Malleable Iron:
6.1 Sampling plans are a matter of agreement between
supplier and purchaser. The supplier shall employ adequate
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
equipment and controls to ensure that parts conform to the
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings. agreed upon requirements.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
approved in 1970. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A602–94(2004).
7. General
DOI: 10.1520/A0602-94R09.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
7.1 Castings furnished to this specification shall be repre-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sentative of good foundry practice and shall conform to
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. dimensions and tolerances specified on the casting drawing.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A602−94 (2009)
TABLE 1 Grades of Malleable Iron
Casting Hardness
Grade Heat Treatment
Range
M3210 156 HB max annealed
A
4.8 BID min
M4504 163–217 HB air quenched and tempered
A
4.7–4.1 BID
M5003 187–241 HB air quenched and tempered
A
4.4–3.9 BID
M5503 187–241 HB liquid quenched and te
...

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This specification covers pearlitic malleable iron castings for general. The chemical composition of the iron shall be such as to produce the mechanical properties required by this specification. Hardness test and tensile test shall be made to conform to the requirements specified. The microstructure of the pearlitic malleable iron shall consist of temper carbon nodules uniformly distributed in a matrix of ferrite, pearlite, and tempered transformation products of austenite. All castings on visual examination, shall be sound and free from obvious shrinkage and porosity.
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1.2 Without knowledge of casting geometry and process details, no quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties of the iron in the various locations of a casting and those of a test bar cast from the same iron.  
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