ASTM C29/C29M-07
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
Standard Test Method for Bulk Density ("Unit Weight") and Voids in Aggregate
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is often used to determine bulk density values that are necessary for use for many methods of selecting proportions for concrete mixtures.
The bulk density also may be used for determining mass/volume relationships for conversions in purchase agreements. However, the relationship between degree of compaction of aggregates in a hauling unit or stockpile and that achieved in this test method is unknown. Further, aggregates in hauling units and stockpiles usually contain absorbed and surface moisture (the latter affecting bulking), while this test method determines the bulk density on a dry basis.
A procedure is included for computing the percentage of voids between the aggregate particles based on the bulk density determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk density ("unit weight") of aggregate in a compacted or loose condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine, coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination. This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125 mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
Note 1 - Unit weight is the traditional terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume (more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a specification with which this test method is used. An exception is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification E 11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
American Association of State
Designation:C29/C29M–07 Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No.: T19/T19M
Standard Test Method for
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Bulk Density (“Unit Weight”) and Voids in Aggregate
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C29/C29M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* C128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
Gravity), and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
1.1 This test method covers the determination of bulk
C138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight),
density (“unit weight”) of aggregate in a compacted or loose
Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete
condition, and calculated voids between particles in fine,
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
coarse, or mixed aggregates based on the same determination.
for Test Methods for Construction Materials
This test method is applicable to aggregates not exceeding 125
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-
mm [5 in.] in nominal maximum size.
ing Size
NOTE 1—Unitweightisthetraditionalterminologyusedtodescribethe
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
property determined by this test method, which is weight per unit volume
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
(more correctly, mass per unit volume or density).
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Sieves
are to be regarded separately as standard, as appropriate for a
2.2 AASHTO Standard:
specificationwithwhichthistestmethodisused.Anexception
T19/T19M Method of Test for Unit Weight and Voids in
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is with regard to sieve sizes and nominal size of aggregate, in
Aggregate
which the SI values are the standard as stated in Specification
3. Terminology
E11. Within the text, inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
thereforeeachsystemmustbeusedindependentlyoftheother,
nology C125 unless otherwise indicated.
without combining values in any way.
3.1.1 bulk density, n—of aggregate, the mass of a unit
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
volume of bulk aggregate material, in which the volume
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
includes the volume of the individual particles and the volume
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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ofthevoidsbetweentheparticles.Expressedinkg/m [lb/ft ].
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.1.2 unit weight, n—weight (mass) per unit volume. (Dep-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
recated term used–preferred term bulk density.)
3.1.2.1 Discussion—Weightisequaltothemassofthebody
2. Referenced Documents
multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity. Weight may be
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
expressed in absolute units (newtons, poundals) or in gravita-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
tional units (kgf, lbf), for example: on the surface of the earth,
gregates
a body with a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 1 kgf (approxi-
C127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
mately 9.81 N), or a body with a mass of 1 lb has a weight of
Gravity), and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate
1 lbf (approximately 4.45 N or 32.2 poundals). Since weight is
equal to mass times the acceleration due to gravity, the weight
of a body will vary with the location where the weight is
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on determined, while the mass of the body remains constant. On
Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
the surface of the earth, the force of gravity imparts to a body
C09.20 on Normal Weight Aggregates.
that is free to fall an acceleration of approximately 9.81
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2007. Published September 2007. Originally
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m/s [32.2 ft/s ]. D123
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C29/
C29M–97(2003). DOI: 10.1520/C0029_C0029M-07.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
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contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
the ASTM website. http://www.transportation.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
...
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