ASTM E2225-19
(Guide)Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage
Standard Guide for Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The construction, composition, and color of textiles contain useful comparative characteristics for forensic examinations. Textiles may appear in a variety of constructions: woven, knit, nonwoven, or in combination. The range of colors in which textiles are offered in the marketplace is vast and constantly changing due to styles and seasons.
5.2 A complete characterization of the fabrics, including their construction, and other materials used in the assemblage of a textile (for example, sewing thread) is a critical component of a comprehensive forensic fabric or cordage examination.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist individuals and laboratories that conduct examinations of fabrics and cordage for the purposes of identifying and comparing types of fabric, cordage and damage. A complete characterization of the fabrics, including their construction and other materials used in the assemblage of a textile (for example, sewing thread), is a critical component of a comprehensive forensic fabric or cordage examination.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation: E2225 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and
Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
1.1 This guide is intended to assist individuals and labora-
E2224 Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared
tories that conduct examinations of fabrics and cordage for the
Spectroscopy
purposes of identifying and comparing types of fabric, cordage
E2227 Guide for Forensic Examination of Non-Reactive
anddamage.Acompletecharacterizationofthefabrics,includ-
Dyes in Textile Fibers by Thin-Layer Chromatography
ing their construction and other materials used in the assem-
E2228 Guide for Microscopical Examination of Textile Fi-
blage of a textile (for example, sewing thread), is a critical
bers
component of a comprehensive forensic fabric or cordage
3
examination. 2.2 AATCC Standards:
AATCC Test Method 20: Qualitative Test Method 20–2007
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
Fiber Analysis: Qualitative
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
3. Terminology
1.3 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide,
abilities acquired through education, training, and experience
refer to Terminology D123.
and is to be used in conjunction with professional judgment by
individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
abilities.
3.2.1 braid, n—the intertwining of strands in a braiding
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
process to produce a rope structure.
4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the (1)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.2.2 cord, n—a twisted or formed structure composed of
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
one or more single or plied filaments, strands, or yarns of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
organic polymer or inorganic materials.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
D123
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Generally, cords have a diameter less
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
3
than ⁄16 in.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 3.2.3 cordage, n—a collective term for twines, cords and
ropes made from textile fibers and yarns.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
(1)
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.4 core, n—a textile product (yarn, strand, small diameter
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
rope, etc.) placed in the center of a rope and serving as a
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
support for the strands around it.
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related
(1)
Documentation
3.2.4.1 Discussion—Core can be of any continuous con-
struction including parallel strands, twisted strands or braided
strands.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019. Published October 2019. Originally
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as E2225 – 18. DOI:
3
10.1520/E2225-19. Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.aatcc.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of
the ASTM website. this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2225 − 19
3.2.5 course, n—in knitted fabrics, a row of successive 3.2.17 thermoplastic, n—a synthetic material that softens or
loops in the width direction of the fabric. melts at high temperatures.
D123
3.2.18 thread, n—a slender strong strand or cord made by
3.2.6 crown, n—the raised portion of a strand in twisted
plying or twisting yarns, typically used for stitching.
cordage.
3.2.19 tracer, n—A means of distinguishing one r
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2225 − 18 E2225 − 19
Standard Guide for
1
Forensic Examination of Fabrics and Cordage
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2225; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide is intended to assist individuals and laboratories that conduct examinations of fabrics and cordage for the
purposes of identifying and comparing types of fabric, cordage and damage. A complete characterization of the fabrics, including
their construction and other materials used in the assemblage of a textile (for example, sewing thread), is a critical component of
a comprehensive forensic fabric or cordage examination.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skills, or abilities acquired through education, training, and experience and is to
be used in conjunction with professional judgment by individuals with such discipline-specific knowledge, skills, and abilities.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
E1459 Guide for Physical Evidence Labeling and Related Documentation
E1492 Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science Laboratory
E2224 Guide for Forensic Analysis of Fibers by Infrared Spectroscopy
E2227 Guide for Forensic Examination of Non-Reactive Dyes in Textile Fibers by Thin-Layer Chromatography
E2228 Guide for Microscopical Examination of Textile Fibers
3
2.2 AATCC Standards:
AATCC Test Method 20: Qualitative Test Method 20–2007 Fiber Analysis: Qualitative
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this guide, refer to Terminology D123.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 braid, n—the intertwining of strands in a braiding process to produce a rope structure.
4
(1)
3.2.2 cord, n—a twisted or formed structure composed of one or more single or plied filaments, strands, or yarns of organic
polymer or inorganic materials.
D123
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018Sept. 1, 2019. Published September 2018October 2019. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20102018
as E2225 – 10.E2225 – 18. DOI: 10.1520/E2225-18.10.1520/E2225-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215, http://www.aatcc.org.
4
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2225 − 19
3.2.2.1 Discussion—
3
Generally, cords have a diameter less than ⁄16 in.
3.2.3 cordage, n—a collective term for twines, cords and ropes made from textile fibers and yarns.
(1)
3.2.4 core, n—a textile product (yarn, strand, small diameter rope, etc.) placed in the center of a rope and serving as a support
for the strands around it.
(1)
3.2.4.1 Discussion—
Core can be of any continuous construction including parallel strands, twisted strands or braided strands.
3.2.5 course, n—in knitted fabrics, a row of successive loops in the width directio
...
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