ASTM D7076-09e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Few standards exist to objectively determine flax quality. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary depending on the stage of processing and can determine in what products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of shive in flax fiber.
If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the material from which the disputed test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. These results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
This test method gives data on shive content of retted flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax fiber; (2) along with other measurements, predicting the quality of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3) adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality and processing efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in retted flax.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:D7076–09
Standard Test Method for
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Measurement of Shives in Retted Flax
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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´ NOTE—The title of Table 1 was corrected editorially in June 2010.
1. Scope determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using
competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of shives in
that are as homogeneous as possible are drawn from the
retted flax.
material from which the disputed test results were obtained,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
and are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each labora-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tory. These results from the two laboratories should be com-
standard.
pared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a possibility
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
that fiber sample type must be adjusted in consideration of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
known bias.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.2 This test method gives data on shive content of retted
2. Referenced Documents
flax fiber which can be used as a basis for: (1) estimating the
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net amount of manufacturing fiber obtainable from retted flax
2.1 ASTM Standards:
fiber;(2)alongwithothermeasurements,predictingthequality
D6798 Terminology Relating to Flax and Linen
of flax products, particularly their aesthetic properties; (3)
3. Summary of Test Method
adjusting processing machinery for maximum efficiency in
cleaning; and (4) relating shive content to end-product quality
3.1 The sample to be evaluated is to be ground and the
and processing efficiency.
resulting mixture placed in the appropriate NIR cell and the
spectra taken.
5. Apparatus
3.2 The data will then be compared to a reference file and
5.1 Grinder—SPEX 8000 mixer mill or equivalent instru-
the value of shive reported as weight percent.
ment for the initial grinding.
4. Significance and Use
5.2 NIRSystems Model 6500 Monochrometer or equivalent
instrument—Reference spectra scanned over the range 400 to
4.1 Few standards exist to objectively determine flax qual-
2498 nm at 2 nm intervals and stored as log (1/R), where R is
ity. Shive is the woody core of the stem and has an important
reflectance. Standard 50 mm diameter black minicup with a
effect on quality determination. Shive content will vary de-
quartz window is used and equipped with a 15 mm i.d. spacer
pending on the stage of processing and can determine in what
ring if sample size is limited.
products the fiber can be used. Spectroscopic data provide an
accurate, precise and rapid determination of the amount of
6. Hazards
shive in flax fiber.
6.1 When handling or grinding any flax material a breathing
4.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
mask should be worn.
tween reported test results for two or more laboratories,
comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
7.1 For acceptable testing, take a lot sample from shipping
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
container as directed in an applicable specification, or as
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.17 on Flax and Linen.
agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.
Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published August 2009. Originally
7.2 Take measurements at a minimum of five sites within a
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D7076–05. DOI:
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10.1520/D7076-09 .
sample, and three measurements at each site. Means of the
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
three replicates constitute the site reading. For each specimen,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
report means of the five sites.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D7076–09
TABLE 1 Summary of Precision and Bias Analysis for TABLE 2 Mean, Standard Deviation and Within-Laboratory
A
Meas
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